Provisional Logistics 2

Hi

I may release a set of records for the first three months of this year with corrected estimated time errors at the end of March.

>>200
A newly arrived prequel concerning the young Kimika, its educators and their victims served as a catalyst.

Although there is some confusion in the practice of atopic dermatitis, particularly in terms of treatment, many dermatologists are not questioning the treatment methods that are appropriate to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. In other words, atopic dermatitis is regarded as eczema with a chronic course due to inflammation caused by multiple nonspecific irritants or specific allergens, accompanied by physiological dysfunctions of the skin, and topical steroid therapy is mainly used to treat the inflammation, while topical moisturisers and other treatments are used to treat the physiological dysfunctions. There is an established consensus that the basis of treatment is to eliminate aggravating factors as far as possible, with skincare and the use of antihistamines and anti-allergic agents as adjunctive therapies for pruritus.
　
However, what is currently confusing dermatologists involved in the treatment of atopic dermatitis based on this understanding is that patients and society in general have developed a distrust of topical steroids, which are the mainstay of treatment, with little evidence, and a tendency to avoid topical steroids has grown stronger, leading to severe cases without the necessary and appropriate treatment. The number of patients is increasing, resulting in significant disadvantages for patients.
　
The "Committee for Future Dermatology", an advisory body to the President of the Japanese Dermatological Association, agreed that it is an urgent task for the Japanese Dermatological Association to improve this situation, and as part of this process, it was agreed that "Atopic Dermatitis Treatment Guidelines" should be prepared and the basic treatment methods made publicly known to society. The proposal was submitted to the Board of Directors of the Dermatological Society, which gave its approval, and at the request of the Scientific Committee, a preparatory committee was organised with the following members.
　
The guidelines are intended only to reaffirm the principles of treatment for dermatologists who have acquired sufficient dermatological skills, understand the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and have sufficient experience in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, but are not intended to be a guide to the treatment of atopic dermatitis for those who are otherwise involved in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. For physicians, it explains the need for dermatological training as a prerequisite for medical treatment, and for patients and society, it presents a basic policy that the Japanese Dermatological Association considers appropriate at the present time.
　
In 1999, the Health and Welfare Science Research Group published guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, which were "designed for a wide range of clinicians involved in the treatment of atopic dermatitis" and also stated that "if no improvement is seen after about one month of treatment, the patient should be referred to a specialist doctor or facility". It states that 'referral should be considered' and is designed for primary care physicians. On the other hand, these guidelines are intended for doctors specialising in dermatological care, who treat atopic dermatitis from the primary care stage to the stage where a high degree of specialisation is required, and therefore have a different raison d'être.

2. Pathogenesis
　
Eczema and dermatitis is a group of eczema and dermatitis diseases characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin with pruritus, which is caused by a variety of non-specific irritant reactions and specific allergic reactions in association with physiological abnormalities of the skin, such as dryness and abnormal barrier function of the skin, particularly due to abnormalities in the stratum corneum.
　
Although the disease is generally chronic, spontaneous remission can be expected if symptoms are kept under control by appropriate treatment.
　
3. Diagnosis
　
The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is easy for dermatologists because of the presence of so-called atopic skin which is dry and goosebump-like and characteristic eczematous lesions, but there is no problem in referring to the diagnostic criteria of the Japanese Dermatological Association. However, it is necessary to be familiar with the diseases listed as diagnoses to be ruled out, with extensive dermatological knowledge and diagnostic skills.
　
4. Severity of the disease
　
The choice of topical therapy, which is the mainstay of treatment, is made according to the 'severity of the individual skin rash' and is not determined by the 'severity of the disease as a disease' as assessed by the severity of the skin rash and its spread. In other words, a sufficiently potent topical treatment is selected for a narrow but severe skin rash, while a broad but mild skin rash does not require a potent topical treatment. Therefore, from the point of view of selecting topical therapy, the most important factor is the 'severity of individual skin rashes', which is judged comprehensively from the following skin rash characteristics, and the severity of skin rashes must be judged by a doctor with dermatological skills sufficient to make this judgement and to predict the effectiveness of treatment. The biggest difference between the guidelines of the Health Science Research Group and these guidelines is the method of determining the severity of the condition. This is because a high degree of expertise is required to determine the 'severity of the rash'.
　
Characteristics of the rash
　
Dryness, erythema (degree of swelling/edema/infiltration, degree of lichenification), papules (full, serous), prurigo nodules, scales (pityriasis, lobular, membranous, etc.), crusts (blood crusts), blisters, pustules, erosions, ulcers, scars, pigmentation, depigmentation, etc.
　
Severity of skin rash
　
Severe: Mainly erythema with severe swelling/edema/infiltration or lichenification, multiple papules, severe scaling, crusting, vesicles, erosions, numerous scrape marks and pruritic nodules.
　
Moderate: Mainly erythema and scaling up to moderate severity.
　
Mild: Mainly dry and mild erythema, scaling, etc.
　
Minor: Mainly dry symptoms with poor inflammatory symptoms.
　
5. Treatment goals
　
The goal of treatment is to bring the patient to a state of
　
1) No symptoms, or if present, they are minor, do not interfere with daily life and do not require much drug treatment.
　
2) Minor or mild inflammation persists, but rarely worsens acutely or, if it does, it is not prolonged.

6. Drug therapy
　
Atopic dermatitis is a multi-pathogenic disease with a genetic predisposition and there is no drug therapy that can cure the disease itself. Symptomatic treatment is therefore the rule.
　
(1) At present, topical steroids are the only drugs that can sufficiently calm the inflammation of atopic dermatitis and whose efficacy and safety have been scientifically proven. Other topical agents include topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (topical NSAIDs), but their anti-inflammatory action is very weak, contact dermatitis is not uncommon and their indications are narrow. A further topical agent that has recently come into use is topical tacrolimus, a transplantation immunosuppressant. Although this drug is intended only for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults, it is highly indicated for the treatment of skin rashes, particularly on the face, where it is more useful than the medium class of topical steroids, although transient irritation is a frequent occurrence. However, the drug's efficacy is comparable to that of the strong class of topical steroids and is not sufficient for severe skin rashes. In addition, the drug is not currently indicated for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and is not a drug that can be used for the treatment of all atopic dermatitis. Therefore, at present, its use must be in accordance with the Guidance on the Use of Tacrolimus Ointment in Atopic Dermatitis (Rin-Ki 53:1057-1068, 1999) and must be used by physicians with a high degree of expertise who fully understand its content.
　
Therefore, there is currently no other topical steroid that can rapidly and reliably soothe the inflammation of atopic dermatitis and relieve the patient's pain, is widely available and has been fully evaluated for its efficacy and safety, and how it is selected and used is fundamental to its treatment. Because they are drugs, topical steroids naturally have side effects, especially topical side effects, but it is important to select the appropriate drug for the severity of the skin rash, rather than selecting a topical steroid that is stronger than necessary, as there is generally a parallel between high efficacy and the likelihood of topical side effects. Therefore, the following choices should be made according to the 'severity of the individual skin rash'.
　
Severe: The first choice should be a necessary and sufficiently effective topical steroid from the Very Strong or Strong class. Medium and lower classes are usually not sufficiently effective. If pruritic nodules do not respond adequately to the Very Strong class, the Strongest class may be selected for use in that area only.
　
Moderate: Topical steroids of the Strong or Medium class are the first choice. Weak classes are usually not sufficiently effective.
　
Mild: Topical steroids of medium class or lower should be the first choice.
　
Minor: Topical preparations without steroids (e.g. Vaseline, urea ointments, ointments containing heparin-like substances, zinc oxide ointments, hydrophilic ointments) should be selected.
　
Formulation of topical steroids: The choice of formulation, such as ointment, cream, lotion or tape, should be based on the nature and site of the lesion.
　
Frequency of topical application: In principle, twice daily (morning and evening: after bathing). However, when reducing the rank of topical steroids or switching to topical preparations that do not contain steroids, it is necessary to ensure that there are no flare-ups while administering intermittent doses, such as once daily or every other day.

Topical dosage: Results of long-term use studies of the Very Strong class of topical steroids have shown that, in normal adult patients, starting with an initial topical dose of 5-10 g/day, which is a sufficient dose, and tapering off according to symptoms, can result in transient and reversible suppression of adrenal function over a period of 3 months, but not irreversible systemic suppression. Continuous daily use of 5-10 g of topical steroids for more than three months is highly unusual, but in such cases, adequate testing for systemic effects should be performed regularly, and appropriate measures should be taken to allow dose reduction of topical steroids in individual patients. In infants and children, a smaller initial topical dose is usually initiated, but a daily dose based on body weight should be converted from the adult dose and used as a guide.
　
Discontinuation of topical application: Topical steroids should not be discontinued abruptly after resolution of inflammatory symptoms, but should be discontinued gradually with gradual reduction or intermittent administration while monitoring symptoms. However, this does not apply if adverse effects of topical steroids are evident.
　
Infants and children: As a rule, topical steroids of one rank lower than the above should be used in severe and moderate cases. However, if ineffective, topical steroids of the above ranks should be used under adequate supervision.
　
Facial: As a rule, topical steroids of medium class or lower should be used, taking into account the high drug absorption rate. Even in such cases, twice-daily topical application should be limited to about one week, with a shift to intermittent administration and a rest period. Although many of the erythematous lesions on the face in adult patients seen more frequently in recent years are due to factors other than topical steroids, including scratching, the area should be carefully monitored for local side effects and a thorough medical examination should be carried out before prescribing.
　
The face is a highly indicated area for tacrolimus ointment and its use according to these guidelines should be actively considered.
　
Compliance: Misconceptions about topical steroids (confusion with the side effects of oral steroids and with worsening atopic dermatitis itself) often lead to fear and avoidance of topical steroids, resulting in poor compliance. It is necessary to spend sufficient consultation time explaining and guiding the patient to overcome this misunderstanding, which in turn influences the effectiveness of treatment.
　
Side effects of topical steroids: With appropriate use of topical steroids, the systemic side effects seen with oral agents, such as adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and moon face, are unlikely to occur. Topical side effects such as steroid suppuration, steroid flushing, skin atrophy, hypertrichosis, bacterial, fungal and viral skin infections may occasionally occur but are reversible with discontinuation or appropriate treatment. Events of steroid resistance (reduced efficacy with repeated use) are also not experienced with normal use. Pigmentation may occur after the use of topical steroids, but this is after the dermatitis has subsided and is not caused by topical steroids. Rarely, allergic contact dermatitis due to topical steroids can occur.

(2) Topical therapy for abnormal skin physiology
　
After sufficient quenching of inflammation with topical steroids has been achieved, skincare with topical, steroid-free products should be applied with the aim of complementing dryness and impaired barrier function and preventing inflammation flare-ups. In principle, topical treatment should be continued even for minor skin symptoms, as failure to do so can easily lead to flare-ups of inflammation and reduce the value of topical steroids, which should be applied twice daily, with gradual reduction or intermittent dosing once flare-ups are confirmed to be non-existent. Caution should be exercised in the development of contact dermatitis as a side effect, and it is important to distinguish it from flare-ups of atopic dermatitis. If a flare-up of atopic dermatitis occurs during maintenance treatment with topical steroid-free agents, do not hesitate to return to topical steroid treatment, aiming for early resolution of inflammation and return to maintenance treatment.
　
(3) Systemic therapy
　
Atopic dermatitis is characterised by subjective symptoms of pruritus, and drugs with antihistaminic properties are used to reduce the distress with the aim of preventing aggravation due to scratching caused by itching. The so-called anti-allergic effects of anti-allergic agents, such as inhibition of chemical mediator release, are expected to be effective as an adjunctive therapy to topical therapy and do not independently suppress inflammation in atopic dermatitis.

7. Search for aggravating factors
　
If a trusting relationship between patient and doctor is established and the above-mentioned pharmacotherapy is sufficiently effective, the goals of treatment can be achieved in most cases. In cases where this is not achieved, a search for aggravating factors is necessary, with some differences in the factors suspected to be involved depending on the age group.
　
In infants, dietary allergens are involved to some extent. In later age groups, environmental allergens (dust mites, house dust, etc.) are suspected to be involved, while contact factors, including topical products, and stress may be aggravating factors in all age groups.
　
The relevance of allergens should be determined after removal or challenge testing, if possible, with reference to medical history, blood tests and skin tests, and should not be determined solely on the basis of clinical symptoms or blood tests alone, for example. Even if the allergen can be identified, the disease is multifactorial and allergen elimination is an adjunctive therapy to drug therapy, and is not expected to be sufficient to cure the disease.
　
8. Psychosomatic aspects
　
In severe cases of atopic dermatitis, especially in adults, psychosocial stresses other than atopic dermatitis, such as relationships, busyness, career conflicts and autonomic anxiety, are involved, and not infrequently cause a scratching behaviour that can be called addictive or dependent, resulting in a worsening of the skin rash by the patient. Similar scratching behaviour may also be observed in paediatric patients due to frustration at not being able to satisfy their need for affection. In such cases, treatment from both a physical and mental perspective is necessary and may require a team approach, including psychiatrists.

9. Lifestyle guidance
　
Keep skin clean by bathing and showering.
　
Keep the room clean and create an environment with the right temperature and humidity.
　
Maintain a regular lifestyle and avoid excessive drinking and eating.
　
Wear non-irritating clothing.
　
Cut nails short to avoid skin damage due to scratching.
　
Note that ocular lesions (cataract, retinal rupture, retinal detachment) can occur not only due to the use of topical steroids but also due to the scratching and beating of the skin rash around the eye, and in cases of severe facial symptoms, the patient should be examined by an ophthalmologist on a regular basis.
　
Bacterial, fungal and viral skin infections may occur. Care should be taken to keep the skin in good condition.
　
10. Other treatments
　
Other specialised treatments, the effectiveness of which has only been highlighted in some centres and many of which have not been scientifically proven effective, are not covered in these guidelines for basic treatment. Among special therapies, PUVA therapy has received some recognition, but a separate guideline needs to be established for it to be commonly used.

1. Introduction
Atopic dermatitis is a condition frequently encountered in daily practice. In Japan, there have been two guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: the Japanese Dermatological Association Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis, which were developed for doctors specialising in dermatology who treat patients with atopic dermatitis from the primary care stage to the stage where a high level of specialisation is required; and the Japanese Society of Allergology Guidelines for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases, which are intended for doctors who treat patients with allergic diseases other than dermatological diseases. In 2018, these two guidelines were integrated into a single guideline for all doctors and healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis. Guidelines have been developed. This revised edition of the Atopic Dermatitis Clinical Practice Guideline has been developed by adding new findings on atopic dermatitis* published in Japan and abroad. The descriptions of medical practices in this guideline provide a guide to medical treatment of atopic dermatitis in Japan at the present time* from the perspective of evidence-based medicine (EBM), including guidelines and goals of treatment, and can be used for decision-making in the field of medical practice. The following table shows the most common types of information on the use of the system. The final decision in clinical practice must be made by the attending physician in collaboration with the patient, fully reflecting the patient's values and wishes for treatment. *In principle, until the end of December 2020.

1) Department of Cutaneous and Mucosal Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School (Chairperson).
2) National Centre for Allergy, National Centre for Child Health and Development (Vice-Chair)
3) University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Medical Information Management (Vice-Chair).
4) North Kanto Allergy Research Institute affiliated with the House of Hope
5) Department of Cutaneous and Mucosal Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
6) Department of Paediatrics, The Third Hospital of The Jikei University Hospital
7) Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
8) Hiroshima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Dermatology
9) Department of Dermatology, Saitama Medical University
10) Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University
11) National Hospital Organisation Mie Hospital, Clinical Research Department, Allergic Disease Therapy Development
Laboratory.
12) Department of Paediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine
13) Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Hiroshima University
14) Allergy Centre, National Hospital Organisation Mie Hospital
15) Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital Organisation Nagoya Medical Centre
16) Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
17) Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical Centre, Dokkyo Medical University
18) Department of Dermatopathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
19) National Centre for Allergy, National Centre for Child Health and Development

1.1 Disclaimer
These practice guidelines are not intended to prevent the medical treatment performed based on the circumstances of each case from being different from that described here, nor are they intended to negate the experience of the medical practitioner. Conversely, the failure to implement what is described in these Guidelines does not provide grounds for holding the doctors responsible for the actual practice. The use of these Guidelines as a source for medical disputes or medical litigation is a deviation from their original purpose. Even if a treatment is not covered by insurance (unapproved drug), if it has evidence in Japan or abroad, it may be listed in the guideline and a recommendation may be added. It is not correct to assume that drugs and treatments listed in guidelines can be used freely in practice. The same applies to the use and intended use of drugs that are listed as contraindicated or prudently administered in the accompanying text, and their inclusion in the guidelines does not exempt them from such restrictions. It is important to take action on individual drugs based on the latest information on safety and other relevant information in the package inserts.

1.2 Conflicts of interest
Based on the standards for conflicts of interest of the institution to which each committee member belongs or the COI Management Guidelines* of the Japan Medical Association and the Guidance on Eligibility Criteria for Participation in the Formulation of Clinical Practice Guidelines**, the committee members were asked to prepare a list of conflicts of interest (COI) for the past three years back to the previous year and every year until the publication of the guidelines when they assumed their posts. Self-reporting of COI status was carried out. Costs for the preparation of these guidelines were funded by the research funds of the Japanese Dermatological Association and the Japanese Society of Allergology Guideline Development Committee. The members of the preparation committee did not receive any remuneration for preparing the manuscript of this guideline or for participating in meetings. There were no interventions by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Japanese Dermatological Association or the Japanese Society of Allergology to influence the content of the guidelines. To ensure that the existence of conflicts of interest did not influence the content of the guidelines, all recommended decisions were made by consensus with all members voting, rather than by individual assignments. Committee members with a financial or academic COI or other COI in relation to the Clinical Question (CQ) being voted on could participate in the discussion but abstain from voting, or they could choose to abstain from voting on a CQ that they judged to be completely outside their expertise. The proposal was also refined with reference to the opinions (public comments) from the delegates of the conference.

Guideline members and their relatives within the first degree of consanguinity were asked to report whether they received any remuneration from companies or other organisations involved in the diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis for the following items. The period covered was from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020: 1. directors' and advisers' remuneration, 2. shareholding interests, 3. royalties, 4. speaking fees, 5. manuscript fees, 6. clinical research funding (e.g. contract research funding, collaborative research funding, investigational research funding), 7. scholarship donations, 8. endowed courses from companies and others, 9. travel expenses, 10. Receipt of gifts etc. . Companies and organisations concerned: Hidehisa Saeki [Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (lecture fees, scholarship donation), Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. (lecture fees, clinical research expenses), Sanofi K.K. (lecture fees, clinical research expenses), AbbVie G.K. (lecture fees, clinical research expenses), Novartis Pharma K.K. (lecture fees), Eli Lilly Japan K.K. (lecture fees), Kyorin Pharmaceutical K.K. (lecture fees), Eisai K.K. (scholarship donation), Tokiwa Pharmaceutical Co. (scholarship donation), Japan Tobacco Inc. (lecture fees), LeoPharma K.K. (clinical research funding)], Yukihiro Oya [Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. (lecture fees), Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma (lecture fees), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma (lecture fees), Maruho (lecture fees, scholarship donation), AbbVie GK (lecture fees), Sanofi (lecture fees), Shiseido Japan (lecture fees), Teijin (e.g. lecture fees), Chugai Pharmaceutical (e.g. lecture fees), Torii Pharmaceutical (e.g. lecture fees), Eli Lilly Japan (e.g. lecture fees), Bayer (e.g. lecture fees), Pola Pharma (e.g. lecture fees), Mylan EPD (e.g. lecture fees), Sinotest (e.g. lecture fees) (scholarship donation)], Koichi Arakawa [Novartis Pharma (scholarship donation), Maruho K.K. (scholarship donation)], Toshio Katsunuma [Torii Pharmaceuticals (lecture fee), Maruho K.K. (lecture fee), Kyorin Pharmaceutical (lecture fee)], Norito Kato [Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (lecture fee, scholarship donation) (lecture fees, scholarship donation), Torii Pharmaceuticals (lecture fees, scholarship donation), Maruho (lecture fees, scholarship donation), Kyowa Kirin (lecture fees, scholarship donation), Sanofi (lecture fees, scholarship donation, clinical research expenses), AbbVie LLC (lecture fees) (lecture fees, scholarship donation), Janssen Pharma K.K. (lecture fees, clinical research funding), Eli Lilly Japan K.K. (lecture fees, clinical research funding), Celgene Corporation (lecture fees), Eisai Corporation (scholarship donation), Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim (clinical research funding), Japan Tobacco Inc. (clinical research expenses), UCB Japan K.K. (clinical research expenses), A2 Healthcare K.K. (clinical research expenses), Leo Pharma K.K. (lecture fees, clinical research expenses)],

Akio Tanaka [Torii Pharmaceuticals K.K. (lecture fees), Maruho K.K. (lecture fees, scholarship donation), Kyowa Kirin Co. (scholarship donation), Sanofi K.K. (lecture fees, scholarship donation)], Yuichiro Tsunemuka [Eisai K.K. (lecture fees), Sanofi K.K. (lecture fees), Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. (lecture fees), Kyowa Hakko Kirin (lecture fees)], Mizuho Nagao [Novartis Pharma (lecture fees)], Takeshi Nakahara [Maruho K.K. (lecture fees, endowed lecture), Taiho Pharmaceutical K.K. (scholarship donation), Sanofi K.K. 2692● Journal of the Japan Skin Society: 131 (13), 2691-. 2777, 2021 (2021/3) Atopic Dermatitis Clinical Practice Guidelines Development Committee (lecture fees, etc.)], Shudohiro [GlaxoSmithKline (lecture fees, scholarship donation), Sanofi (lecture fees, clinical research funding), Taiho Pharmaceutical Industry (lecture fees, scholarship donation), Takeda Pharmaceutical Industry (lecture fees), Mitsubishi Tanabe (lecture fees) (lecture fees, etc.), Novartis Pharma (lecture fees, clinical research fees), Maruho (lecture fees, etc.), Vasclin (clinical research fees)], Takao Fujisawa [Maruho K.K. (lecture fees, clinical research fees), Torii Pharmaceutical (lecture fees)], Masaki Futamura [Maruho K.K. (lecture fees)], Koji Masuda [Sanofi K.K. ( (lecture fees), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (lecture fees), Eli Lilly Japan K.K. (clinical research expenses)], Hiroyuki Murota [Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (lecture fees), Shiseido Company, Limited (lecture fees), Sanofi Corporation (lecture fees), Maruho Corporation (lecture fees), Japan Tobacco Inc. (e.g. fees), Novartis Pharma (e.g. fees)]

2. definition, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, severity, etc.

2.1 Definition and disease concept of atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis is a disease characterised by itchy eczema with recurrent exacerbations and flares, with many patients having a 'predisposition to atopy'*.
It is an eczematous disease with a characteristic symmetrical distribution, and the site of predilection differs according to age. The disease begins in infancy or early childhood and either goes into remission in childhood or recurs without remission, with symptoms persisting into adulthood, with characteristic eczematous lesions chronically present. Adolescent/adult-onset atopic dermatitis also exists, although less frequently.
*"Predisposition to atopy".
(1) Family history or history of (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, one or more of these diseases), or (2) predisposition to IgE antibody production. The presence of allergy is not essential for the definition of atopic dermatitis. This differs from, for example, allergic rhinitis, where proof of allergy is mandatory for diagnosis. Family and medical history does not consider urticaria; predisposition to produce IgE antibodies is considered in terms of blood total IgE levels and allergen-specific IgE antibody titres. Total IgE levels increase with the activity of the dermatitis and are often low in mild cases. Allergen-specific IgE antibody titres are helpful in mild cases.

2.2 Pathophysiology
Atopic dermatitis is a multi-pathogenic disease. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is mediated by a complex combination of various aetiological factors against a background of hypersensitivity of the skin and other organs due to a predisposition to atopy (constitution) and a weak barrier function. The lack of hierarchy among these aetiologies contributes to the diversity of symptoms and phenotypes of atopic dermatitis.

(1) Skin sensitivity

1) Abnormalities of the stratum corneum
The stratum corneum is a thin film-like structure 10-20 µm thick that exists on the outermost surface of the skin and is composed of more than ten layers of stratum corneum cells and intercellular lipids that fill the spaces between them, forming a barrier that prevents leakage of body fluids, retains water in the stratum corneum and contributes to biological defence. Barrier dysfunction in the stratum corneum increases the skin's susceptibility to non-specific stimuli, and also predisposes to antigen sensitisation and inflammation. The main components of intercellular lipids are ceramide, cholesterol and free fatty acids, but in atopic dermatitis the function of intercellular lipids is impaired due to an abnormally low ceramide content, mainly impairing their ability to retain water. Keratinocytes with keratin and filaggrin parenchyma are structurally robust because the cell membrane is lined by insoluble structures called pericellular zones, which contribute to the formation of a strong barrier. Loss-of-function genetic mutations and inflammation-associated down-regulation of filaggrin have been identified in atopic dermatitis.

2) Epidermal abnormalities
The epidermis also performs an important skin barrier function. There are intercellular adhesive structures called tight junctions between epidermal cells to ensure that there are no gaps between them. In particular, tight junctions in the granular layer regulate the movement of substances in and out of the body, and reduced expression of claudin-1, which plays an important role in their formation, and the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in patients with atopic dermatitis.

(2) Mechanisms of inflammation
Impairment of the skin barrier function leads to increased penetration of antigens (allergens) into the skin. Antigens that are non-self are eliminated by the immune response, and an excessive immune response leads to an allergic reaction. Allergens induce type 2 immune responses not only as protein antigens but also by protease action, as in the case of mite antigens. In addition, IL-33, IL-25 and TSLP produced by epidermal keratinocytes induce type 2 immune responses by activating type 2 innate lymphocytes and Th2 cells in the lesions, and type 2 immune responses lead to the induction of allergen-specific IgE. Langerhans cells and mast cells express IgE high-affinity receptors (FcεRI) and release cytokines and chemical transmitters (e.g. histamine) via allergen-specific IgE, which induce inflammation. Furthermore, under such inflammation, TARCs are produced in the lesional skin, promoting infiltration of Th2 cells into the lesion; Th22 cells migrate into the skin by activated dendritic cells and produce IL-22, which induces epidermal thickening. The S100 protein produced by epidermal injury further activates lymphocytes. Infiltration of other T-cell subsets (Th1, Th17 cells) into the lesional skin has also been reported, but their detailed role in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear.

(3) Itching
Itching is defined as 'an unpleasant sensation in the skin that causes an urge to scratch'. Itching is diverse and can be described as 'itchy', 'prickly' or 'jittery'. Visual or auditory stimuli that evoke itching may cause itching, a phenomenon that is particularly strong in atopic dermatitis. There is a condition in which tactile stimuli, such as thermal pain or friction from clothing, are perceived as itchy (itch hypersensitivity).
Epidermal damage due to trauma and scratch, and exposure to antigens and irritants activate innate and acquired immunity, respectively, and establish a cytokine network that maintains a Th2-type immune response. Epidermis exposed to scratch and pathogens produces Th2 cytokines/chemokines called alarmins, such as IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP (thymic stromal lymphoprotein). Dendritic cells and Langerhans cells activated by antigen exposure also produce TARC (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine) and MDC (macrophage-derived chemokine), which activate migration of Th2 cells. As a result, Th2 cells infiltrating the skin produce IL-31 and IL-4, cytokines that directly induce itch by acting on functional IL-31 receptors expressed on peripheral nerves; IL-4 lowers the response threshold to pruritogenic factors via IL-4 receptors on peripheral nerves, resulting in chronic itch. IL-4 is also involved in pruritus, which is caused by exposure to histamine through eosinophil migration and mast cell degranulation due to increased IgE production.
Activation of spinal dorsal horn astrocytes and expression of lipocalin 2 by chronic dermatitis reduce the activity threshold of neurons, resulting in itch hypersensitivity. The extension of cutaneous sensory nerves to just below the stratum corneum on the skin surface in association with dry skin and inflammation is considered to contribute to itch hypersensitivity.
Substance P, which is mainly derived from peripheral nerves, produces itch by degranulation via neurokinin1 receptors on peripheral nerves or via MrgprX2 (sensory neuron-specific G protein-coupled receptor) on mast cells.

2.3 Genetic factors
Candidate genes for aetiology associated with atopic dermatitis include CTLA4, IL18, TLR9, CD14, CARD4, PHF11, TLR2, SCCE, MCC, IL4R, GM-CSF, TIM1, CARD15, GSTT1, SPINK5, SCYA11, TGFβ1, IL-13,. RANTES, IL4 and FCER1B have been reported14) . Furthermore, whole-genome linkage analysis of Japanese samples revealed 2q12 (IL1RL1/IL18R1/IL18RAP), 3q21.33 (GLB1), 3q13.2 (CCDC80), 6p21.3 (MHC region), 7p22 (CARD11), 10q21.2 (ZNF365) and 11q15.4 (ZNF365). OR10A3/NLRP10) and 20q13 (CYP24A1/PFDN4) were reported as candidate genes associated with atopic dermatitis.

2.4 Onset and exacerbating factors
Factors involved in the onset and exacerbation of the disease must be taken into account when considering the pathogenesis of the disease. Adherence to treatment, as well as exposure to antigens and irritants in the workplace and daily living environment, lifestyle and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, and alterations in skin physiology are involved in the maintenance and exacerbation of dermatitis. Heat, perspiration, wool fibres, mental stress, food, alcohol consumption and the common cold are particularly important factors that induce or aggravate itching in atopic dermatitis. The nature of these onset and aggravating factors and specific countermeasures are discussed below.

2.5 Epidemiology

(1) Worldwide prevalence and trends in atopic dermatitis
A worldwide study of the prevalence of atopic dermatitis was conducted by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) in 1994-1996 in an epidemiological survey (phase I). This was a questionnaire survey, but a large one, covering 56 countries: at 6-7 years of age, prevalence ranged from 1.1% in Iran to 18.4% in Sweden, with an overall prevalence of 7.3%; at 13-14 years of age, prevalence ranged from 0.8% in Albania to 17.7% in Nigeria, with an overall prevalence of 7.3%; at 13-14 years of age, prevalence ranged from 0.8% in Albania to 17.7% in Nigeria, with an overall prevalence of 7.3%. The overall rate was 7.4%. Generally, prevalence was higher in Oceania and Northern Europe, and lower in Asia and Eastern Europe. The countries with the highest prevalence rates were Sweden (18.4% at 6-7 years and 14.5% at 13-14 years), Finland (14.5% at 13-14 years), the UK (13.0% at 6-7 years and 15.8% at 13-14 years), Japan (16.9% at 6-7 years and 10.5% at 13-14 years) and Australia (6-7 years and 10.5% at 13-14 years). (10.9%, 13-14 years: 9.7%) and New Zealand (6-7 years: 14.7%, 13-14 years: 12.7%).
An ISAAC epidemiological survey (phase III) was also conducted between 2001 and 2003 (Japan did not participate), and among countries with high prevalence in phase I at age 13-14 years, some countries showed a decrease in prevalence in phase III (e.g. UK: 15.8% to 10.6%, New Zealand: 12.7% to 8.8%).

(2) Epidemiological surveys in Japan

1) Prevalence in childhood to adolescence
Atopic dermatitis generally develops in infancy and childhood, and the number of patients declines with age, with some patients transitioning to adult-onset atopic dermatitis. 14 papers in the literature on prevalence studies of atopic dermatitis based on dermatologists' physical examinations in Japan over a 10-year period from 1992 to 2002. Analysis of age-specific prevalence rates showed that they varied from 6-32% for infants, 5-27% for toddlers, 5-15% for schoolchildren and 5-9% for university students, but overall there was a tendency for prevalence rates to decrease with age. A nationwide survey on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis was conducted based on physician diagnoses at primary schools health check-ups. Health examinations were conducted by specialist physicians at base facilities in the Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, Kinki, Chugoku, Shikoku and Kyushu regions. Age-specific prevalence rates are shown in Figure 3A. The national average prevalence rates of symptomatology by health check-up were 12.8% (351/2,744) in 4-month-old children, 9.8% (631/6,424) in 1-year and 6-month-old children, 13.2% (906/6,868) in 3-year-old children, 11.8% (1,479/12,489) in first-grade children, 10.6% (1,185/11,230) in sixth-grade children and 10.6% (1,185/11,230) in university students. 8.2% (684/8,317). Although prevalence rates by district have traditionally been higher in urban areas and lower in suburban areas, this study found no significant differences in prevalence rates among schoolchildren between urban and suburban areas, and no differences between boys and girls.

First BJ at Poison in a Pot 3, 40 minutes ago.

1. Introduction
Atopic dermatitis is a condition frequently encountered in daily practice. In Japan, there have been two guidelines for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: the Japanese Dermatological Association Guidelines for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis, which were developed for doctors specialising in dermatology who treat patients with atopic dermatitis from the primary care stage to the stage where a high level of specialisation is required; and the Japanese Society of Allergology Guidelines for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases, which are intended for doctors who treat patients with allergic diseases other than dermatological diseases. In 2018, these two guidelines were integrated into a single guideline for all doctors and healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis. Guidelines have been developed. This revised edition of the Atopic Dermatitis Clinical Practice Guideline has been developed by adding new findings on atopic dermatitis* published in Japan and abroad. The descriptions of medical practices in this guideline provide a guide to medical treatment of atopic dermatitis in Japan at the present time* from the perspective of evidence-based medicine (EBM), including guidelines and goals of treatment, and can be used for decision-making in the field of medical practice. The following table shows the most common types of information on the use of the system. The final decision in clinical practice must be made by the attending physician in collaboration with the patient, fully reflecting the patient's values and wishes for treatment. *In principle, until the end of December 2020.

1) Department of Cutaneous and Mucosal Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School (Chairperson).
2) National Centre for Allergy, National Centre for Child Health and Development (Vice-Chair)
3) University of Tsukuba, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Medical Information Management (Vice-Chair).
4) North Kanto Allergy Research Institute affiliated with the House of Hope
5) Department of Cutaneous and Mucosal Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School
6) Department of Paediatrics, The Third Hospital of The Jikei University Hospital
7) Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
8) Hiroshima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Dermatology
9) Department of Dermatology, Saitama Medical University
10) Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University
11) National Hospital Organisation Mie Hospital, Clinical Research Department, Allergic Disease Therapy Development
Laboratory.
12) Department of Paediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine
13) Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Hiroshima University
14) Allergy Centre, National Hospital Organisation Mie Hospital
15) Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital Organisation Nagoya Medical Centre
16) Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
17) Department of Paediatrics, Saitama Medical Centre, Dokkyo Medical University
18) Department of Dermatopathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
19) National Centre for Allergy, National Centre for Child Health and Development

I'm aware that it is my vice to immediately try to trace back to nostalgia.

I think this is the first time two in a row as far as I can remember. Does it hasten the dying process as the group name suggests?

Plus Ultra

The grid system is a widely used system in design activities. Josef Müller-Brockmann, a designer and educator at the Zurich University of the Arts and the Ulm School of Design, states that designing with a grid system means following universally valid laws and that below.

What is meant by the use of the grid system is the will to systematise and clarify, the will to find and consolidate the essence, the will to foster objectivity instead of subjectivity, the will to rationalise the creative and technical production process, the will to integrate the colour, form and material, the will to integrate the various elements, the will to architectural control of surfaces and spaces, the will to adopt a positive and forward-looking attitude, the recognition of the importance of education and the impact of work conceived in a constructive and creative spirit.

I can't help but think that handjob is underutilized. Even though its drawing difficulty makes it a means by which sexual content via video and text media can have an advantage over the two-dimensional media represented by manga, doujinshi, and illustrations.

Conscience is itself an ambiguous sum of information, such as a normative consciousness, and a mind that does good deeds and avoids evil deeds. There are two theories concerning human beings: one is the theory of sexual goodness, in which people are born with a conscience that favors good and dislikes evil, and the other is the theory of sexual evil, in which people are born without a conscience and must be educated to develop and nurture it. In any case, we are expected to act in accordance with our conscience.

In particular, the function of conscience is a personal one, and following it increases one's sense of self-affirmation, while violating it leads to self-negativity. In many cases, people also rely on their self-esteem and do not like to violate their conscience. Conscience is usually unconscious.

The function of the mind is to benefit the society to which one belongs, but the degree to which it works varies from person to person. Just as justice and morality vary according to the values of the society, the destination of conscience also varies somewhat according to other factors such as culture.

Sometimes conscience is aroused by the inspiration of others, and sometimes it is aroused by the mental shock of the situation at hand. On the other hand, there are cases in which people dare to act against their conscience (emergency evacuation) due to unavoidable circumstances.

Conscience itself is not a clear-cut value concept, and it is difficult to codify it into an article like a creed. Sigmund Freud considered conscience to be a cultural effect of unconscious repressive structures. Bert Hellinger describes the conscience as a sensory organ that perceives the right or wrong of belonging to a group.

Some stories deal with the conscience as a subject matter. For example, there are "Les Miserables" and "A Christmas Carol" in which a selfish person (putting his own interests first and not caring about others) awakens to his conscience through some experience, while there are stories like "Rashomon" in which a person abandons his conscience and turns to crime in order to survive.

Conscience, as stipulated in Article 76, Paragraph 3 of the Constitution of Japan, is defined by the Japanese Supreme Court in its decision of November 17, 1948 as "the meaning of following one's own inner sense of decency and morality without yielding to external pressures or temptations, tangible or intangible.

The derivation of concrete forms from abstract formulae and principles is called deduction, and the idea of generation we have just seen is a typical deductive explanation, and is also very deductive in the second point I will discuss below. The second point is the idea of the relationship between "universal grammar" and real languages. If we know the kinds of rules that make up the grammar of many languages of the world and how they are applied, then by comparing and contrasting them we can find universal principles common to the languages of the world. The aggregation of the elements and principles common to the grammars of the languages should be called a "universal grammar". One of the major assumptions of generative grammar is that humans have an "innate capacity for language". Infants with linguistic competence have a universal grammar. The universal grammar is not yet in the form of any language, but is acquired as a specific language when exposed to a particular language at a certain point in the developmental process.

In linguistics, a school of thought emerged in the late 1950s, a little later than structuralism, which held a deductive principle with an extremely high degree of abstraction, as if "structure" were even more fundamental and dynamic. This is the 'Generative Grammar' proposed by Noam Chomsky (1928-). In addition to its strong formalism and unique concepts and terminology, it undergoes major changes every ten years or so, so that it is not easy to grasp the whole picture or to give a simple explanation. Therefore, here I will only highlight two points in particular that contrast with the new linguistics as a way of thinking and try to explain them in ordinary language.

The first is about generation, which is also the name of the school. We can produce any number of grammatically correct sentences, even if none of them have ever been uttered before. This means that our brains must contain a (probably not very large) set of rules that can 'generate' an infinite number of correct sentences. Generative grammar considers such a set of rules to be a 'grammar' and attempts to elucidate its types and how sentences are generated.

The basic idea of sentence construction was that there is an abstract sentence structure and that the rules for transforming and concretising it lead to the final sentence. This way of thinking can explain, for example, the existence of sentence pairs such as active and passive sentences, which are clearly closely related but have distinctly different apparent sentence structures. Let me illustrate this with an example. The following three expressions could be explained individually in previous grammars, but it was difficult to explain the continuity between the three.

(1)
a. Active sentence
The troop attacked the town.

b. Passive sentence
The town was attacked by the troop.

c. Noun phrase
The attack of the town by the troop.

The resulting sentence is: a is an active sentence in which the verb attack is used in the past tense with the attacking troop as the subject, b is a passive sentence in which the town is the subject of the attack and the verb is in the passive form be attacked, c is a sentence equivalent by nominalising the predicate in a or b, and The explanation for each of these three types of sentences is also different.

However, it is clear that the three have a great deal in common, both as a whole and in terms of the semantic relationship between their parts, as can be seen from their meanings. For example, even when taught in Japanese schools, the passive voice of b is explained as follows: replace the two nouns in a and change the verb form to be + past participle... The passive voice of b is often explained in this way. In fact, this is the process of transformation that early generative grammars largely adopted. Abc above was seen as three different forms derived from an abstract sentence structure (deep structure) with the same underlying meaning. In this case, the active sentence in a is almost the same as the deep structure, and the passive sentence in b is obtained by applying the 'passivisation' transformation rule to the deep structure and the verb phrase attack... The active sentence in a is almost the same as the deep structure, while the passive sentence in b is obtained by applying the 'passivisation' rule to the deep structure. The application of the passivisation rule is shown diagrammatically below.

(1)b Process of generating passive sentences
Deep structure:　 　　　　the troop　　　 attacked　　　　　　　 the town
　　　　　　　 　　　　1 2 　　 3
Passivising transformation: 　3 　　be [past] +2 [past participle] 　 by +1
　　　　the town 　　　was attacked 　　　　　by the troop

The idea that sentences are generated rather than initially existing, and the idea of transformation in this process, can provide a reasonable explanation for the way in which they are closely related to each other despite the differences in their finished forms.

In geometry, the rhombicosidodecahedron is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex isogonal nonprismatic solids constructed of two or more types of regular polygon faces.
It has 20 regular triangular faces, 30 square faces, 12 regular pentagonal faces, 60 vertices, and 120 edges.

Names
Johannes Kepler in Harmonices Mundi (1618) named this polyhedron a rhombicosidodecahedron, being short for truncated icosidodecahedral rhombus, with icosidodecahedral rhombus being his name for a rhombic triacontahedron. There are different truncations of a rhombic triacontahedron into a topological rhombicosidodecahedron: Prominently its rectification (left), the one that creates the uniform solid (center), and the rectification of the dual icosidodecahedron (right), which is the core of the dual compound.
It can also be called an expanded or cantellated dodecahedron or icosahedron, from truncation operations on either uniform polyhedron.

Geometric relations
If you expand an icosahedron by moving the faces away from the origin the right amount, without changing the orientation or size of the faces, and do the same to its dual dodecahedron, and patch the square holes in the result, you get a rhombicosidodecahedron. Therefore, it has the same number of triangles as an icosahedron and the same number of pentagons as a dodecahedron, with a square for each edge of either.
Alternatively, if you expand each of five cubes by moving the faces away from the origin the right amount and rotating each of the five 72° around so they are equidistant from each other, without changing the orientation or size of the faces, and patch the pentagonal and triangular holes in the result, you get a rhombicosidodecahedron. Therefore, it has the same number of squares as five cubes.
Two clusters of faces of the bilunabirotunda, the lunes (each lune featuring two triangles adjacent to opposite sides of one square), can be aligned with a congruent patch of faces on the rhombicosidodecahedron. If two bilunabirotundae are aligned this way on opposite sides of the rhombicosidodecahedron, then a cube can be put between the bilunabirotundae at the very center of the rhombicosidodecahedron.
The rhombicosidodecahedron shares the vertex arrangement with the small stellated truncated dodecahedron, and with the uniform compounds of six or twelve pentagrammic prisms.
The Zometool kits for making geodesic domes and other polyhedra use slotted balls as connectors. The balls are "expanded" rhombicosidodecahedra, with the squares replaced by rectangles. The expansion is chosen so that the resulting rectangles are golden rectangles.
Twelve of the 92 Johnson solids are derived from the rhombicosidodecahedron, four of them by rotation of one or more pentagonal cupolae: the gyrate, parabigyrate, metabigyrate, and trigyrate rhombicosidodecahedron. Eight more can be constructed by removing up to three cupolae, sometimes also rotating one or more of the other cupolae.

Orthogonal projections
The rhombicosidodecahedron has six special orthogonal projections, centered, on a vertex, on two types of edges, and three types of faces: triangles, squares, and pentagons. The last two correspond to the A2 and H2 Coxeter planes.

Spherical tiling
The rhombicosidodecahedron can also be represented as a spherical tiling, and projected onto the plane via a stereographic projection. This projection is conformal, preserving angles but not areas or lengths. Straight lines on the sphere are projected as circular arcs on the plane.

Symmetry mutations
This polyhedron is topologically related as a part of a sequence of cantellated polyhedra with vertex figure (3.4.n.4), which continues as tilings of the hyperbolic plane. These vertex-transitive figures have (*n32) reflectional symmetry.

Mon père disait que le plus délicieux de tous les aliments était la pêche. Le steak semble aussi être son préféré. La croyance qu'une préparation méticuleuse fera naître nos désirs n'est ni bonne ni mauvaise en soi. Les organes génitaux féminins bipolaires et décentralisés : le sein et la vulve sont littéralement des symboles du corps féminin et sont essentiels à l'histoire de l'industrie du sexe. Pourquoi le récit négatif est-il si répandu dans la société moderne ? Nous devons vivre en tant que personnes nées dans un pays de perdants et il est important et bénéfique pour nous individuellement et pour ce pays d'en prendre conscience. Underachiever ou Procrastinator - quel est mon véritable alias ? Je veux être une sorte d'agent de circulation pour notre société en tant que collectif intellectuel. Il n'y a rien de naturel ou de fondé sur des principes à ressentir un sentiment d'appartenance à un système politique tel que l'État. Neutralité. Justificateur. Mon frère vient de me dire "Tu as l'air d'un être humain même si ça ne m'est jamais arrivé quand on était chez nos parents". C'est bizarre, n'est-ce pas ? Si je me souviens bien, je me suis longtemps sentie coupable d'être financièrement et émotionnellement dépendante de mes parents. Même si je somnolais dans un sentiment de sécurité superficiel sans y faire face. Je me suis donc récemment dit qu'il était logique de voir cette tournure des événements sous un angle positif.

C'est difficile de rester nerveux pendant près de 22 ans.

Apple has a patent for 3d facial recognition, which uses a laser to measure the three-dimensional shape of the face. The Google is so picky about security that they went to the trouble of loading titan2 with internal memory encryption, so they don't do face recognition, which could theoretically be broken through with a photograph. The 6pro and 7 class have a particularly high in-camera performance, so there is a possibility that they may be able to support it. I'm wearing a smartwatch and have set up a smart lock, so it doesn't matter to us, but the Pixel watch doesn't look very promising. Incidentally, the wifi is 6e, which is a further extension of 6, and in addition to 2.4ghz and 5ghz, three 6ghz bands can be used, but Japan has no partner to connect to because the 6ghz band has not been approved yet. There are sometimes wifi cards for desktops. The speed is the same, but 5ghz has fewer channels, so if you have a mesh wifi system in a house or something, you need more channels. It will be useful in the distant future.

Are people who say they are smart never smarter than those who say they are?

Sakura Miura was a decent role player as her initials suggest. Maybe too decent.

What did Emperor Nigiyumu do during the Kamakura period?

As far as I know, he spread Buddhism throughout Japan and taught the three treasures of Buddha, wisdom, and salvation, but please tell me what else he did.

His achievements are too numerous to list.

Chong Fu Hua Lei....spreading the cuisine of the court.
The development of materials that could be used in times of emergency.
Undelayed proposal...Stockpiling undigested food to prepare for famine.
Gaba Anada Mud...Policy to claim fields cultivated by oneself as one's own mono dick when one claims the fields cultivated by oneself at a high volume.
Kubota Ito...A policy to make the management of fields easier to understand by using threads to inspect the fields.
He invited a Goguryeo monk named Park Su, and though he was defeated by force, he assaulted and imprisoned him, and then banished him.
The worship of Shimokitazawa's native god, Goizu Todoroto.
Kusubiki☆...He used the Yin-Yang method using a pentagram called "Zeeman" to subjugate demons from all over the country.
Miho Kanno ... wife of Masato Sakai
He wielded a sacred weapon called the "Mago," a ninja whip, and created a school called the Shogun's Whip.
He severely punished local castle lords who imposed oppressive rule.
The Portuguese missionary Onassas Sensenchal was invited to Japan to assert his authority both at home and abroad by making the Portuguese missionary turn three times and bark like a dog in imitation of the three-fold salute.
The Yeonginbo Alliance...The two sides engaged in warfare against a foreign enemy led by Fart Rinton, but found common values and formed an alliance, and held a ceremony on the cape of Yeonginbo.
The Beastly World Sanzenin...The last residence of Emperor Nyumu after his abdication, it was built in the hope of creating a peaceful world filled with not only people, but also filth. The property has a rooftop and basement, and is close to the station.

What pasta sauce to use, what ingredients to choose? It is useless to think about such things. There are not many pasta sauces that can beat this pasta. What are you saying? No, no, no, I have never eaten pasta that insists on being so chewy. Even if you boil it slightly longer, you get an interesting reversed state: slippery and hard on the surface and soft in the center. One can imagine that di Vella has even the smallest surface area of all the Teflon-diced slippery pastas. So it's a pasta that doesn't melt on the surface. You can enjoy the chewiness of butzum-butzum. For example, the texture of well-made somen noodles is unique, isn't it, with a crunchy texture? There is no way to describe it, but I think you can feel the unique chewiness. There was a scene in "Gran Blue" where everyone was eating pasta dressed only with butter, saying it was the best pasta they had ever had. I thought that this pasta might have been the most popular pasta in southern Italy. Just like Kagawa's delicious soy sauce udon noodles, the noodles are so good that they are delicious with just butter. Since I was a student, I have eaten various kinds of pasta as if it were my staple food. I also like handmade pasta. However, I have never had a pasta dish that overturns my common sense as much as di Vella does. I am looking forward to seeing how the flavors will fight against this strong personality.

Spring key holder, strainer (if available), frozen chicken nuggets (Kangsoo is cheap, Brazilian if available): bought from China, Blue Cave creamy Bolognese, liquid detergent (Soap Department?). Deodorising charcoal for freezer, all-purpose green onion, office chair, desk for ama, 6-70 litre rubbish bags, drainer net, pork offcuts, baby leaves, cheese powder, toothpicks, SOYJOY, chicken soup stock, ice cream, mask, black pepper refill, band-aids, UNIQLO steeteco navy, Red ginger, tonkatsu sauce, yakisoba noodles, seafood mix, mosquito repellent, dried fruit, frozen cheese waffles, large sesame oil, 70L rubbish bag (translucent), 30L bin (not 30L), milk, migras, ice cream, baby leaves, frozen Imagawa-yaki (bean paste and custard), dishwashing detergent refill Refill, soy sauce, clear files (5~), hangers, five-finger socks, vinegar, parmesan cheese, frozen Imagawa-yaki custard, eggs, blue cave, all-purpose spring onions, minced meat, Uzumaki soft, relaxed fit V-neck T-shirt (Uniqlo), milk, hawk claws, basil, black pepper refill, oregano, Toothbrush, unboxed tissues, scrubbing bubble refill, cotton swabs, cushions, paper cups, dish stand, book stand/ends, red and white wine (Chilean), salt malt, Ziploc L, non-smelly rubber gloves, Aquarius, water, more thick spaghetti, wafer sandwich (Sentan), Rice snacks (beef/chicken minced meat, beef tongue, etc.), headphone hanger/holder, seasoned seaweed, bamboo shoots, frozen pasta, yoghurt, fruit milk, pork belly block, chives, MOW green tea, other ice cream, pizza cheese, milk, soap rest/holder, ponzu vinegar, measuring cup, measuring spoons, Ziploc 60 litre rubbish bags, pepper powder, Chinese noodles (fresh), sesame paste (white), hojicha or other tea bags, bean curd stock, more minced pork, chicken (if good), cooking sake, ham, white onions, bread, Fulgra, Listerine purple alcohol, rubber gloves, chopstick stand, bacon, soy bean sauce tube (and sugar beet if available), rice wine (if available), rice wine (if available), rice wine (if not available), rice wine (if available), rice wine (if available), rice wine (if not available), rice wine (if available). rice, canned mackerel and tuna, tenkasu, small spring onions, milk, yakiniku sauce, Chinese noodles, minced pork, sweets, milk candy (café latte) golden milk, mustard, onions, Neukan TWS earphones, pork belly, spring onions, chicken soup stock, garlic tube, tofu, additional frozen udon noodles, soup-free flat noodles Noodle stock, grater, kitchen timer, files, file box, wooden spatula, chuno/tonkatsu sauce, ketchup, army gloves for ama, dumpling sauce, dish towel (large), fruit milk, vanilla ice cream, relatively cheap butter, S hook, salmon flake eggs, seven spices, tweezers, salad oil, Chinese chili oil, scissors, candy balls, kitchen power strip (with magnets), box of tissues, cardboard cutter, cold pumpkin/corn soup (Sujata, etc.): buy at kyosu, pork belly, tofu, frozen udon noodles, bread, cinnamon powder, aquarius, towel holder/storage, bath lid, rack next to hob, Washroom curtains, boxed tissues, pocket tissues, mattress pads, pasta cases, balcony sandals, wooden deep plates, shoehorns, laundry basket, rubber gloves for washing dishes, non-slip tape, double-sided tape, toilet paper

Me nor hot dog caught bay ought the rail in a hoe canal.

In Japan, there is a phrase that “The boughs that bear most hang lowest”. Japanese people bow their head when they greet each other or show a respect to others. This phrase means that a human being becomes modest as study and virtue deepen so that as a fruit becomes ripe, a fruit hangs down.

Do you think you are God, otherwise equivalent to it?

This video is scientifically proven to boost the speed of weight loss by regularly interspersing cheat days!

What you feel is only a more vague representation of what you remember.

What is the nature of what connects and separates us from ourselves and others? How do we draw the lines and continue to form and renew our interests? Do ephemeral interests exist as factors constituting a larger organic continuum within the circular logic?

In the tradition of the history of Western political thought, there is a firm presence of an idea known as realism. The most representative thinker in this tradition is the Renaissance Italian humanist Machiavelli. In his Treatise of the Monarchs (1532), he declared that he would provide a factual and actually useful theory of governance, while expressing his dissatisfaction that many people had so far only discussed imaginary states that could not actually be perceived. He preached what was later called Machiavellianism, the doctrine that it is sometimes necessary to commit ethical evils (e.g. lying) in politics. He was not advocating vice per se. He was conscious of the distinction between virtue and vice, and even considered it beneficial for rulers to pursue the former while avoiding the latter if possible. However, Machiavelli pointed out that time and place sometimes create the necessity to choose evil means. He argued that the ruler has the duty to be aware of this fact, to face it, and to respond boldly to the situation. In the mid-20th century, there was an interpretation of Machiavelli's doctrine as a forerunner of scientific political science, which distinguished between facts and values and sought to explain politics based on facts without value judgments. Indeed, the so-called 'scientific' attitude of the search for rational means to an end is present, especially in The Monarchy, which was written as practical advice to the Medici family. However, Machiavelli had an ethical claim to show what a ruler should be, and it is this claim that lies at the heart of Machiavelli's thought. In fact, Machiavelli's main work is the Discorsi (1531), a work that argues for the importance of republican thought, especially civil liberties in a republic, and explores ways of maintaining such liberties. To begin with, the very idea that a scientific explanation is possible by excluding the element of ethics from the exploration of politics is based on a rather naive view of science. The philosophy of science question of whether scientific cognition is possible in a value-neutral way is left out of the picture here. If an important role (i.e. purpose) of scientific and social scientific knowledge is to improve predictability by accurately understanding events, then the understanding of society (and its constituent human beings), which is the object of social sciences such as political science, is extremely inadequate if it is done without values such as ethics. Therefore, it is necessary to study values scientifically and introduce them into political science. The question then arises, however, as to what scientific method should be used to explore values, especially ethical values. There are two main positions. The first is the positivist position, which basically states that values can be studied in the same way as in the natural sciences. The second is the interpretivist position, which argues that humanistic methods, which are distinct from the methods of natural science, are indispensable. The former tries to capture value as some kind of fact, whereas the latter explores the meaning of value. This conflict between positivism and interpretivism can be traced to the distinction between natural and spiritual sciences in 19th century Germany and to the historiographical debates of the 19th and 20th centuries (i.e. the debate over whether historiography should be conducted using natural scientific methods). The interpretivist position is often introduced as a method of understanding sociology. This is the position that human ethical behaviour requires a disciplinary method that reveals an understanding of the meaning of human action, rather than a natural scientific explanation of that action. Such methods are said to lead to an understanding of the seeming irrationality of human behaviour, especially at the collective level.

For example, for religious or nationalistic reasons, human action may lack (economic) rationality, but in order to deal with these situations properly, it is necessary to understand how they make sense of their own actions in a way that gives access to the inner lives of the people concerned. This is an inevitable and necessary activity. Such an endeavour is inevitably complex, because such 'meanings' are not always easy to make. This is because such 'signification' is always made in a specific historical and cultural context, so contextualisation is essential. In addition, these 'signifiers' themselves have to be interpreted by the researcher, so that the hermeneutic method aims at a double interpretation - an interpretation of an interpretation. Therefore, a science of interpretation that cannot be reduced to positivism is needed, and its resources are to be found primarily in the so-called humanistic traditions, such as historiography. Let us return to Machiavelli. It is already clear that his realism was not mere positivism. In his Monarchism, he does not make the realisation of the personal interests of the monarch the ultimate goal of his argument, but rather the defence of the independence of the fatherland, i.e. freedom. This was a patriotic argument. In order to understand Machiavelli's realism more precisely, then, it is necessary to consider the question of how these ethical claims can be reconciled with the doctrine of the toleration (and sometimes the exaltation) of vice. Here we understand this question as the problem of ethics in realist thought, which we shall explore below. Machiavelli's argument was not a total rejection of ethics in politics. What he emphasised was that if a ruler such as a monarch persists in upholding the faith of another state, even potentially hostile in international politics, or of subjects with whom he has not established sufficient trust in domestic politics, this will lead not only to the ruin of the ruler himself but also to the ruin of the state he protects. The reason for this was that the ruler was a man of faith, and that the state he was defending would be ruined. This is a critique of a certain political attitude based on rational expectations. The object of this criticism can be called utopianism. The 20th century British historian E. H. Carr opposed realism and utopianism in 20 Years of Crisis (1939). According to Carr, in the early stages of any discipline, there is a tendency to concentrate on the search for an object-oriented, or goal to be achieved, and to neglect the analysis of the means to realise that goal. This stage is called 'utopian', where the ideas presented are 'simple and perfect, and therefore easily and universally appealing'. Such utopianism has to accept the impact of realism, which denounces it as inevitably unrealistic because it lacks an analysis of the means to realisability. Realism in this sense, he explained, "tends to be critical and somewhat cynical". Carr also described the relationship between ethics and politics as follows: "The utopianist is not a political realist, he is a political realist. Utopians hold up an ethical standard that would be independent of politics and accept no value as a criterion other than the value of facts. In Carr's usage, therefore, realism is closer to the positivist position we have criticised. Carr's position was that utopianism and realism, as two wheels of political research, should constitute a dialectical relationship. If political realism is not merely a demand for neutrality towards ethical values, what we need to explore is the meaning of realism as an understanding of and an overcoming of the political flaws in utopianism. The contemporary philosopher C. A. J. Coady has argued that the object of criticism of political realism is not morality (i.e. ethical doctrine itself), but a certain attitude towards the ethical, which he calls moralism.

In other words, he makes the case that ethical values influence political perceptions and judgements, but identifies when this influence is detrimental to politics. Coady believes that in the 21st century, especially in the context of international politics (studies), reasons have arisen to take these negative effects into account. First, the value of human rights has become (often excessively) respected. Second, there has been a restoration of moral thinking in the consideration of international politics, especially among scholars. Third, among political actors, the influence of fundamentalist beliefs, including religious ones, is increasing. These tendencies themselves do not necessarily impede the exploration of politics. However, Coady calls it moralism, a trend so bad that it necessitates a return to realism. Coady enumerates various ways in which the understanding of politics can be impeded by the intervention of ethical values and perceptions, which can be divided into three categories. The first is the moralism of unbalanced focus. In other words, in realpolitik there are multiple values at work, often in conflict with each other. To ascribe only certain values in such situations distorts our understanding of reality. This tendency is likely to occur when absolute ethical values are introduced into politics. The second is the moralism of imposition. This suggests the danger in an attitude of imposing on others what one considers to be valid ethical values. Here Coady is not endorsing cultural relativism. What he is concerned with is the tendency for the more convinced one is of the validity and universality of ethical values, the greater the temptation to use coercion and violence to realise them. Third is the moralism of abstraction. Perceptions based on ethical insights often give rise to overly abstract models and an oversimplified understanding of political reality, which is in fact a complex interplay of good and evil. There is a general tendency towards universalisation and rationalisation in academic ethical inquiry, which may lead to a neglect of the specificity of phenomena and of non-rational elements such as the passions. And in the abstraction of ethical ideals, there is also the danger of ignoring their feasibility. Again, Coady is not rejecting the introduction of ethical insights per se. Even when feasibility is taken into account, it is not absolutely binding on political perceptions and judgements. Slavery, for example, was a widely endorsed practice in certain countries at certain times, and ethical opposition to it was certain to be impotent. Nevertheless, the fact that there were people who firmly believed that slavery was ethically unjust sometimes contributed to its abolition. This was also true with regard to the eradication of apartheid policies in 20th century South Africa. What is at issue in the critique of moralism is a way of thinking ethically that hinders the understanding of political reality.

Political realism can be said to confront the possibility of a conflict between the demands of politics and the demands of ethics. The subject of "dirty hands" is often discussed in ethics and political science as a way of addressing this issue. A classic on this topic is the American political theorist Walzer's article "Political Action and the Problem of 'Dirty Hands'" (1973). This is a paper dealing with a moral dilemma, a situation in which there are only two choices of action, and whichever one is chosen will be evil for the chooser. Walzer argues that this problem is real and sometimes unavoidable, but he uses the concept of "dirty hands" as a case study that takes this dilemma seriously. This concept derives from a play written by Sartre, entitled "Dirty Hands," and the following passage is often cited when discussing this topic

I, this I, have dirty hands. Even my elbows are dirty. I have put my hands in feces and blood. What's wrong with that? So, you think you can run a clean and honest government?

Let me explain the context of this quote. The play is set in Illyri, a fictional nation in Eastern Europe circa 1948, at the residence of Edrel, a powerful member of a workers' party that espouses communist ideology. The above lines were spoken by Edrel to his own secretary, Hugo. Hugo, an intellectual born into a wealthy bourgeois family, was inspired by communist ideas and joined the workers' party. At the time, Edrel was in clandestine contact with the leaders of the rival fascist and conservative parties, and was planning to make a political compromise that would put his party in power in Illyri. This was in anticipation of the impending Soviet invasion, which he calculated was the best preparation for a minority party, the Labor Party, to smooth the way for the Soviet occupation of his country. Hugo was sent as an assassin by radical elements within the party, who were highly dissatisfied with Edler's plan. The young Hugo, however, hesitated to assassinate Edler, and instead denounced him verbally. To Hugo, who criticizes political compromise as corruption, Edler says, "But why are you so obsessed with purity again? Then stay pure. But who does that serve? He replied, "You intellectuals and bourgeois anarchists do nothing under the pretext of purity," while uttering the aforementioned line. In other words, the "dirty hands" metaphor here symbolizes the insistence that means contrary to ethics and principles should be allowed in order to penetrate the deception of ethical purity and to emphasize political effectiveness. To better understand this metaphor, let us analyze the characters a bit more. In contrast to Hugo, who is a pure young man, Edorel is portrayed as an "adult" who says, "I have grown up straight from childhood. This is not a question of age. The difference in class between the bourgeois and the worker is also reflected, but what is characterized here is realism as mature thought contrasted with pure idealism. Politics is a science," Edrel even says of nationalism that glorifies only the independence of one's own country, admitting that this is what attracts the majority of the population, but declaring that it is utterly powerless in the face of the looming military might of the Soviet Union. What he keeps in mind is the timing and the amount of sacrifice that can be expected. If the Illyrians insist on independence and clash with the Soviets, there will be an enormous number of deaths. However, if Edler joined forces with liberals and regal conservatives to create a united front, it would be easier to accept troops and fewer casualties would be required. When Hugo pointed out Hugo's betrayal of his many friends killed by the Regent's police who now want to join forces, Edourel dared to say, "I don't care about dead people. I am a politician for the living and by the living.

When Hugo asked, "Then do you think the living will accept your plot? Hoederer said he was willing to deceive them. Here the dialogue between the idealist Hugo and the realist Hoederer enters Machiavelli's problematic sphere of lies in politics. Hugo, noting that the world in which he used to live, the world of those around his father, a powerful figure in the conservative government, was full of lies and that everyone deceived him, confesses that it was only when he joined the workers' party that he found people who did not deceive others. Naturally, Hoederer chides Hugo by pointing out that lies exist there, too. He then said, "I will lie if I have to.

I will lie when necessary. But I do not despise anyone. Lies are not of my own making, but are born in a class-divided society. Therefore, we inherit lies from birth. Refusing to deceive does not make the lie go away. It can only be eradicated by using all possible means to extinguish class.

This line of Hoederer's is realist in that it states the necessity of the lie, but it deviates from realism in that it offers a method for its eradication and sets it as a goal. It is natural for a character like E1, who claims to be a believer in communism, to express these thoughts, but this kind of absolute objectivist thinking is something that contemporary realism rejects, or at least is wary of. However, as we have already seen, cold calculation is not the only thing that realists approve of. A sense of direction in history is necessary for almost all politics, and what realism is concerned with is whether such a sense distorts the real issues. And in Hoederer's thinking, there is an element of what might be called an ethics embedded in realism. Hugo, who adheres to the principles of revolution, refuses to compromise and insists that if his army, composed of conservatives and fascists, clashes with the Soviet army, the latter's victory will lead to the realization of a true political system. What Hoederer points out about this idea is its cruelty. Hundreds of thousands of people will die. What do you think about that?" Hoederer's idea, which he criticizes in this way, has elements of the moralist critique of abstraction and the moralist critique of imposition. In other words, the pursuit of an ethic of purity may call for cruel means and justify its disastrous results. Hoederer's dialogue in opposition to this has an element of what could be called humanism.

I love people as they are. I love mankind with all its corruptions, its vices, and its vices. I love the human voice, the warm hand that holds a thing, the nakedest of all skins, the anxious gaze, the desperate struggle that each person attempts in turn against death and suffering, I love them all. For me, it is a question of one more or one less human being in the world. It is precious. I know who you are. You are a destroyer. You hate people because you hate yourself. Your purity is like death. Your vision of revolution is different from ours. You are not trying to change the world, you are trying to blow it up.

This statement may be realist rhetoric, a ploy to fool the pure assassins. However, it can also be said that the love expressed for the fool here is typical of the realist view of mankind, which can be traced back to Augustine. Hoederer's portrayal of Hugo can be understood as an example of realist criticism of utopianism. The point that Hugo hated people was something that Hugo himself admitted. In response to Hoederer's suggestion that realists fear the death of others and that hit men lack imagination, Hugo said, "I am an afterthought. Hugo responded to Edouard's argument that realists fear the death of others and that hit men lack imagination: "I am an extra. I have no place in this world, and my existence is a nuisance to others. No one loves me. No one trusts me. This sense of alienation, which is clearly based on Hugo's subjective view, represents a typical pattern of belief in utopian thought.

Various aspects of business activity and technological development are related to intellectual property. In business, there are brand strategies. In industry, there is content creation, patents and designs, which are also related to trade secrets. Intellectual property is protected by intellectual property law as works, inventions and trade secrets. However, IP law is not a single law, but is systematised in the Copyright Act, Industrial Property Act, Unfair Competition Prevention Act, etc.
　Intellectual property is protected under each of the individual IP laws, but is also defined in the Basic Act on Intellectual Property. The Basic Act on Intellectual Property defines the basic principles and matters fundamental to the realisation of the creation, protection and exploitation of intellectual property. To this end, the Act clarifies the responsibilities of the national government, local governments, universities, etc. and business operators, and encourages intellectual creation activities. The Basic Act on Intellectual Property also stipulates the preparation of a "Promotion Plan on the Creation, Protection and Exploitation of Intellectual Property" (Intellectual Property Promotion Plan) and establishes the Intellectual Property Strategic Headquarters.
　The IPR Promotion Plan 2019 evolves from the existing IP strategy of an intellectual creation cycle to the realisation of a value-design society as an IP strategy for the period around 2030. The realisation of a value-design society is oriented towards creating an environment in which it is easy to realise value through empathy, by strengthening individual actors based on the concept of "de-average", encouraging challenges, accelerating new combinations through the "fusion" of dispersed diverse personalities, and increasing national wealth and economic value through appropriate rights protection, encouraging creative activities, raising profits, and creating a new society in which value is easily realised through "empathy". The aim is to create an environment in which it is easy to realise value through 'empathy'.
　In corporate activities and technological development, the management of IPRs is promoted through an open and closed strategy, which balances the protection and restriction of IPRs. The open and closed strategy refers to the importance of making strategic choices to increase the company's profits by adopting an open model IP strategy, in which technologies are disclosed or licensed to other companies, in addition to a closed model IP strategy, in which technologies are kept secret or exclusive exclusive rights such as patent rights are enforced. In corporate activities and technological development, it has become necessary to promote comprehensive IP protection and utilisation strategies, including open and closed strategies and trade secret management. In order for intellectual assets to be created, protected and utilised in a rational manner, ethics must be cultivated. Business activities and technological development require free thinking, which is related to restrictions on intellectual property rights, and ethics is required in this context. This relationship can be found in the Code of Ethics. In addition, in the management of IPR in corporate activities and technological development, when IPR infringement is questioned, it is necessary to deal with the issues within and outside the framework of IPR law.

2. intellectual assets
　Intellectual assets produced in business activities and technological development include works and inventions, but also software that has these characteristics. There is also content in the digital environment. In addition, there are trade secrets, which are protected by non-publication and non-disclosure, while works are protected by publication and inventions by disclosure. Furthermore, there is information that includes.

(1) Intellectual property
　The Basic Law on Intellectual Property defines intellectual property and intellectual property rights. Intellectual property means inventions, devices, new varieties of plants, designs, works and other things produced by human creative activity, trade marks, trade names and other things indicating goods or services used in business activities, and trade secrets and other technical or business information useful in business activities (Article 2(1) of the Basic Law on Intellectual Property). Other items produced by human creative activities include laws or phenomena of nature that have been discovered or clarified and have industrial applicability. Among them may be AI creations. Intellectual property rights refer to patent rights, utility model rights, breeder's rights, design rights, copyrights, trademark rights and other rights stipulated by law in relation to intellectual property or rights pertaining to legally protected interests (Article 2(2) of the same Act).
　In Japan, inventions are protected as patent rights and are regulated by the Patent Law. Devices are protected as utility model rights and are regulated by the Utility Model Law. Designs are protected as design rights and regulated by the Design Law. However, the protection mechanisms for inventions, designs and design creations differ from country to country. New varieties of plants are protected as breeder's rights and are regulated by the Plant Variety Law. Trademarks, trade names and other indications of goods or services used in business activities are protected as trademark rights and are regulated by the Trademark Law. Trade secrets and other technical or business information useful for business activities are protected by the Unfair Competition Prevention Law. It should be noted that, while works are protected as copyrights under the Basic Intellectual Property Law, works and performing records, broadcasts and wire-broadcasts are protected under the Copyright Law by author's rights and rights adjacent thereto.

(2) Content
　The Act on the Promotion of Creation, Protection and Exploitation of Contents (hereinafter referred to as the Basic Act on Contents), which is based on the principles of the Basic Act on Intellectual Property, defines contents. Content means films, music, theatre, literature, pictures, cartoons, animations, computer games and other text, figures, colours, sounds, movements or images, or a combination of these, or programmes for providing information relating to these via computers, which are produced by human creative activities. The term "program" refers to a program that is produced by human creative activity and that falls within the scope of education or entertainment (Article 2(1) of the Basic Content Law). A programme is a set of commands to a computer which are combined in such a way that a single result can be obtained.
　Content is protected by copyright law as a copyrighted work. Examples of works include novels, screenplays, theses, lectures and other verbal works, musical works dances or silent plays, paintings, prints, sculptures and other works of art, architectural works, maps or drawings of a scientific nature, charts, models and other graphic works, cinematographic works, photographic works, works of programmes works of cinematographic works, works of photography, works of programmes. The content encompasses each of the illustrative patterns of works protected by copyright law and has a structure with a clear division of roles. The content consists of two forms: one is formed by digitising a work existing in existing media, and the other is formed digitally from the beginning. However, content is subject not only to copyright but also to the management of intellectual property rights (Article 2(2)(iii) of the Basic Content Law).

(3) Information
　Information is an inanimate object. In the Civil Code, "thing" means a tangible object. A tangible object means something that occupies a part of space as a concept to an inanimate object. Under the Civil Code, electricity is interpreted as not a tangible object. On the other hand, the Criminal Code, which is required to punish electrical theft and the like, stipulates that "electricity is regarded as property". The way in which intangible objects are regarded differs depending on the law. The way in which intangible information is regarded also differs from law to law. The treatment of information (works) was discussed in the course of the legislation of the Product Liability Law, but information (works) is not considered as an object of product liability. Information is regarded as information property in relation to intellectual property, which includes works, inventions and trade secrets. Trade secrets are also related to corporate information and trade secrets. Information goods are protected and, under fair use, are said to contribute to cultural development or industrial development. However, the so-called industrial espionage clause may be applied to the creative activity of information goods, if a technological leakage or the like is recognised. Penalties apply to the downloading of information goods, even if the reproduction is for private use, if the information goods are reproduced with the knowledge that the reproduction is illegal.

3. code of ethics
　In order for intellectual property to be created, protected and utilised in a rational manner, ethics must be cultivated. Corporate activities and technological development require free thinking, which in turn requires ethics in the context of restrictions on intellectual property rights. Focusing on the Code of Ethics and matters related to intellectual property rights in the Code of Ethics, we will consider it from the perspective of corporate activities and technological development.

(1) Ethics
　Ethics and morality refer to norms and moral grounds. In the West, ethics is associated with Ethica, and in the East, it is based on the Analects of Confucius. In Japan, Watsuji ethics covers Buddhist thought, Confucian thought, Shinto thought, national studies, as well as stories and folk tales. In other words, there is diversity in the sense of ethics. Therefore, corporate ethics is defined in terms of compliance with laws and regulations, and in terms of the protection of human rights, in codes of ethics and guidelines for conduct, but it is also important to consider the persistence of socio-cultural diversity in each country.
　In research ethics, academic societies have their own codes of ethics. The IEICE Code of Ethics includes the rights of others, such as the right of ownership and the right to privacy. The IPSJ Code of Ethics clearly states that we respect the personality and privacy of others, respect the intellectual property rights and intellectual achievements of others, comply with the operating rules of information systems and communication networks, and consider cultural diversity in society. The IEEJ Code of Ethics states that we respect the life, property, honour and privacy of others, and the intellectual property rights and intellectual achievements of others, with the aim of building a sustainable society.
　In relation to the protection of human rights, assurance of privacy and intellectual property rights covered in the above, we will consider intellectual property and ethics.

(2) Privacy
　The rapid development of information and communications technology is expected to contribute to the creation of innovations originating in Japan in the future by making it possible to collect and analyse a wide variety of diverse and enormous data, so-called Big Data, and by greatly contributing to the creation of new industries and services and the resolution of various issues surrounding Japan. It has become necessary to take measures when personal data is included in Big Data, and the Personal Data Protection Law has been amended to establish provisions for anonymised processed information and to promote the utilisation of personal data.
　Personal data is related to privacy. The meaning of privacy has undergone changes. It has been defined as "right to be let alone", "individual's right to control the circulation of information relating to oneself", and "right to be forgotten". The right to be forgotten"), and "the right to be forgotten". However, it does not mean that "the right to be left alone" replaces "the right to control the circulation of information relating to oneself" and "the right to control the circulation of information relating to oneself" replaces "the right to be forgotten". Privacy includes the elements of "being left alone", "controlling the flow of information about oneself" and "being forgotten", the content of which can change depending on the conditions.
　The protection of privacy also requires a variety of responses, and requires harmonisation between the free flow of information and the competing values of human rights, personal rights and the protection of privacy. In addition, personal information, which is customer information, has economic value as trade secrets as well as personal value, and it is necessary to deal with it in relation to intellectual property rights.

(3) Intellectual property rights
　The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone who is an author has the right to the protection of his or her moral and material interests arising from scientific, literary or artistic productions. The right to the protection of moral and material interests arising from production (Article 27(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). And the concrete objects of Article 15(1)(c) of the International Covenant on Human Rights (Covenant A), which corresponds to Article 27(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are copyright and industrial property rights (industrial property rights), which are guaranteed by the "Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works 1886" and "Paris Convention on Industrial Property Rights 1883", respectively. '. The substantive meaning of subject and object in Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the relationship between inventor/invention and author/work (literary, scientific and artistic work).

(a) Copyright and related rights
　Copyright protection is related to the fixation of an expression in a tangible medium or not. The existence or non-existence of fixation of an expression in a medium corresponds to the legislation that requires fixation in a medium, such as the US Federal Copyright Act (17 USC §102(a)), and the legislation that does not require fixation, such as Japan's Copyright Act. The Basic Content Law covers copyright (intellectual property rights), while the Copyright Management Business Law covers copyright and neighbouring rights. However, the Copyright Act covers the rights of authors and the rights adjacent to them (copyright and related rights), and the copyright and related rights are divided into five categories: moral rights, copyright, publication rights, moral rights of performers and neighboring rights.
　Authors of works created in the course of their duties in corporate activities and technological development (Article 15 of the Copyright Act), i.e. authors of professional works, can enjoy the same author's rights (moral rights, copyright) as natural persons, as well as legal entities. Here, the assumed legal entities are film producers, broadcasting companies, software development companies, etc., including the Academy of the Open University of Japan.
　In the limitation provisions of copyright, fair use is introduced for the use of copyrighted works in information networks and web environments. Here, it should be noted that the premise is essentially different between the limitation of copyright in the legal theory in which works are protected as the author's rights and the recognition of fair use in the legal theory in which copyright is recognised only for written works as an exception to the First Amendment of the US Constitution. It is necessary to recognise that the premise is fundamentally different from the premise that fair use is recognised in a law which recognises only copyrighted works. It is also necessary to consider not only the limitation of copyright but also the limitation of moral rights, publication rights, moral rights of performers and neighbouring rights.

(b) Industrial property rights
　Industrial property rights cover patent rights, utility model rights, design rights and trademark rights. Exclusive licences for patent rights, utility model rights and design rights and exclusive rights to use trademark rights are also subject to protection against infringement of industrial property rights.
　The employee invention provisions are relevant to business activities and technological development. There are two patterns of employee invention provisions. The first pattern is that "the employer, juridical person, national or local government (employer, etc.) shall have a non-exclusive license to the patent right of the employee, officer of the juridical person, national civil servant or local civil servant (employee, etc.)" (Article 35(1) of the Patent Law) in respect of an employee invention. However, the patent right shall be granted when the invention belongs to the scope of work of the employer, etc. and when the act that led to the invention is patented for an invention that belongs to the present or past duties of the employee, etc. of the employer, etc. (employee invention), or when a person who has succeeded the right to obtain a patent for an employee invention has obtained a patent for that invention. The patent right relates to inventions made by employees, etc. In addition, a provisional exclusive licence or an exclusive licence may be established for an invention made by an employee, etc. for the employer, etc. if the invention is an employee invention (contrary interpretation of Article 35(2) of the same Act). The employer, etc., as the patentee, exclusive licensee and non-exclusive licensee of the employee invention, is attributed the patent right or the exclusive or non-exclusive licence. The second pattern is that for employee inventions made by the creator, "the right to obtain a patent may belong to the employer, etc. (legal entity, etc.) from the time when the right accrued" (Article 35(3) of the Law).
　Restrictions on industrial property rights include experimentation and research, and the right to non-exclusive license by first use, which is an adjustment to the first-inventor-to-file principle that protects the first inventor, whereas Japan has adopted the first-to-file principle that protects those who file an application with the Patent Office first.

(c) Intersection between copyright and related rights and industrial property rights
　Industrial property rights do not arise unless an application is filed, examined and registered with the Patent Office according to the formalism principle (first-to-file principle). This is different from the no-first-to-file principle, where the author's rights, moral rights and neighbours' rights arise when the sound is created or the performance is fixed and broadcast by wire. It is also different from the provisions on employee inventions and employee works. In addition, the limitation of industrial property rights on experimental research from the viewpoint of industrial development differs from the limitation of copyright from the viewpoint of cultural development, although some of the copyright limitations are aimed at the development of IT.ICT.
　The relation of use is assumed between copyrighted works, inventions and trademarks, and there is a conflict between copyright and related rights and industrial property rights. In the creation, protection and exploitation of digital content, where copyright and industrial property protection intersect in the information network and web environment, respect for the originality of others' ingenuity and achievements requires consideration of another aspect of property rights: personal rights. In research and development, this is a subject to be resolved in terms of the correspondence between the protection and restriction of the personality rights of IPRs and the protection and restriction of economic rights.

Yappari Steak claims that their sauce and spice combinations are infinite, but they are finite as there are a maximum of 16383 combinations of 14 different sauces and spices.

It is immaterial whether Mr.Matt built the Fountain with his own hands or not. He chose to do so. By taking an everyday object and placing it where he did, its utilitarian meaning disappeared under a new title and perspective. In other words, he created a new way of thinking about the objects. (Motoaki Shinohara, Traffic Theory of Contemporary Art, 2005, Maruzen)

Regarding the relationship between insurance contracts and ethics, each country has a legal mandatory notification system. However, compared to other countries, the Japanese mandatory notification system has the following characteristics.
　First, the obligation to notify is imposed on both the policyholder and the insured.
　Germany, Italy, China, etc. impose the obligation to notify only on the policyholder. There are few cases like Japan where not only the policyholder but also the insured is obliged to notify.
　Second, the insurer is fully exempted from the obligation to pay benefits if the insurance contract is cancelled due to a breach of the duty to inform. However, this does not apply if there is no causal relationship between the breach of duty to inform and the occurrence of an insured event.
　The effect of cancellation due to breach of duty to notify differs from country to country. In other countries, the existence of negligence or gross negligence and whether the insurer's liability to pay is fully exempted or not are stipulated separately before and after the occurrence of an insured event (e.g., Germany, France, Italy, and Switzerland). For an insured event that occurred before the exercise of contract cancellation, etc., the insurer's obligation to pay insurance benefits is fully exempted if there is a breach of the duty to notify due to negligence or gross negligence. However, if there is no causal relationship between the occurrence of the insured event and the breach of the duty to give notice, the insurer's obligation to pay benefits shall not be discharged. In the case of an insured event that occurs after the insurer exercises its contract cancellation, etc., or in the case of no negligence or gross negligence, the insurer continues the contract by paying the insurance benefit with a premium premium increase or a proportional reduction. In Germany, the policyholder is fully exempted from the obligation to pay benefits if he or she violates the duty of notification with fraudulent intent, regardless of whether or not there is a causal relationship with the occurrence of the insured event.
　Third, not only the policyholder but also the insurance intermediary is required to observe ethics when concluding an insurance contract.
　There are many cases (e.g., Germany, France, Switzerland, China, etc.) where the insurer's knowledge or negligent omission of the fact of breach of the duty to notify is regarded as a ground for denying the right of cancellation. However, there are few cases like Japan where the insurer cannot cancel the insurance contract for the reason of breach of the duty to give notice in the case of obstruction or inducement of non-notification by the insurance intermediary, which is regarded as the so-called reason to prevent the right of cancellation (Note 13).
　As described above, the Japanese mandatory notice system places more importance on the relationship between insurance contracts and ethics than those of other countries. This is to maintain fairness among policyholders and to strengthen the protection of the interests of bona fide policyholders. As mentioned above, the duty to inform is a personal ethical obligation imposed on the policyholder, whereas the duty not to obstruct or otherwise interfere with the announcement is a professional ethical obligation imposed on the insurance intermediary and the insurer who is responsible for directing and supervising the insurance intermediary. Both are strongly required in the conclusion of insurance contracts or in solicitation activities.

Recent Improper Conduct Concerning Quality
Month/Year - Company Name - Description of Improper Conduct
February 2015 - Novartis Pharma - Neglected obligation to report side effects
March 2015 - Kisoji - Misrepresentation of origin of wagyu beef
March 2015 - Toyo Tire & Rubber - Falsified performance test data for seismic isolation rubber, shipped defective products
April 2015 - Ezaki Glico - omitted "milk" from labeling of snack foods
May 2015 - Nippon Ham - Withdrawal of patent on lactic acid bacteria for livestock feed
June 2015 - Takeda - Hype advertising for antihypertensive drugs
June 2015 - Japan Airlines (J-Air) - operating flights without regular inspections of parts
June 2015 - Chemo-Serum Therapy Institute - manufacturing blood products using different methods than approved
August 2015 - Olympus - Failure to promptly report cases of drug-resistant bacterial infections from endoscopes
September 2015 - Pfizer - Failure to Report Adverse Reactions to Cancer Drugs and Other Drugs to the Government
September 2015 - Volkswagen - Using illegal software to pass emission control tests
November 2015 - Takata - Improper response to air bag defects
December 2015 - Asahi Fertilizer, Sagami Fertilizer - suspension of shipments for improper labeling
January 2016 - Dicoh - Selling disposed products in supermarkets
April 2016 - Mitsubishi Motors - cheating on fuel economy data
May 2016 - Suzuki - cheating on fuel economy data measurements
June 2016 - Kobe Steel - Falsification of strength test results for steel springs
July 2016 - Toa Corporation - Disciplinary action for concealing construction defects
November 2016 - OM2 Meat - Non-disclosure of country of origin
February 2017 - Metropolitan New Urban Railway - Failure to patrol and false records
September 2017 - Nissan Motor - inspection of finished vehicles by unqualified personnel
October 2017 - Kobe Steel - Falsified performance data for aluminum products
October 2017 - Fuji Heavy Industries - Completed Vehicle Inspections by Unqualified Personnel
December 2017 - Toray - Falsified product inspection data
March 2018 - Mitsubishi Materials - Falsification of quality data
March 2018 - GMB - assembly of purchased parts, rewriting of data
March 2018 - Fuji Heavy Industries - rewriting of fuel consumption and emissions inspection data
June 2018 - Ube Industries - Delivered substandard products by producing standard values without inspections
August 2018 - Mazda, Suzuki, Yamaha - Fuel economy, emissions fraudulent inspections
September 2018 - Fujikura - falsification of product inspection data
October 2018 - KYB, Kawakin Holdings - tampering with seismic isolation and vibration control device data
January 2019 - IHI - unqualified parts inspections, falsification of work records
January 2019 - Sumitomo Heavy Industries - falsification of inspection data, improper inspections
April 2019 - Daiwa House Industry - use of non-compliant components for fire resistance and foundation construction
August 2019 - Jamco - inspection of components by unqualified inspectors
August 2019 - Unitika - Falsification of data on products that do not meet customer quality requirements

Summary of each company's case study

Company name
Details of Improper Conduct
Main cause
Major recurrence prevention measures

Kobe Steel, Ltd.
Falsifying and fabricating inspection results and Shipping nonconforming products

1 Profit-oriented management and inadequate organizational structure
2 Low awareness of quality and compliance
3 Unbalanced factory management
4 Inadequate quality control procedures

1 Establish a quality governance system
2 Thorough quality management
3 Strengthen quality processes

Toray
Shipment with rewritten inspection data

1 Management lacked interest in quality assurance and failed to understand the current situation
2 Failure to build a system to detect fraud and to create a framework to prevent fraud
3 Inadequate maintenance management of measuring equipment

1 Strengthen quality assurance compliance 2. strengthen quality control and quality audit
2 Reinforcement of quality control and quality audit
3 Organization of policies for reporting to customers, etc.

Mitsubishi Materials Corporation
1 Rewriting of quality test data
1 Failure to conduct inspections and inadequacies

1 Corporate culture including strong stove-piped mentality, etc.
2 Low awareness of compliance with standards
3 Preoccupation with orders and deadlines
4 Easy reliance on conventional practices

1 Thorough quality awareness reform
2 Rebuild company-wide quality assurance system
3 Foster a corporate culture that considers the mission of the company and the meaning of work
4 Foster a sense of crisis regarding contract violations

Nissan Motor Co.
1 Completion inspections by non-inspectors
2 Lending of seals in the name of completion inspectors

1 Distance between the field and the management level
2 Shortage of completion inspectors
3 Lack of awareness of the completion inspection system
4 Discrepancy between the written standards for appointment and training and the actual situation
5 Inadequate standards for changing the completion inspection sheet

1 Improvement of the distance between the management level and the field
2 Change in awareness of the completion inspection system
3 Reaffirmation of the user's viewpoint
4 Formulation of clear standards in line with the actual situation onsite

IHI
1 Inspection of parts by unqualified personnel
2 Falsification of inspection dates on work records

1 Insufficient information sharing and communication between the field, middle management, and management
2 Lack of awareness of safety and compliance
3 Prioritizing delivery date without a plan to train and increase the number of inspectors
4 Excessive expectations of on-site capabilities

1 Re-emphasize safety awareness
2 Implementation of compliance training
3 Fundamental review of safety management system 4.
4 Improvement of workplace culture
5 Strive for sufficient and healthy communication
6 Review of work implementation system

At this time, the total playback time of his vlog is 621 hr 44 min 59 sec, or 25.875 days. It all adds up.

In order to meet compliance requirements, a system called "internal control" must be established and operated in a company. In fact, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law has introduced an internal control reporting system regarding "internal control over financial reporting" for listed companies. On the other hand, the Companies Act obliges large companies with a board of directors to make decisions on the establishment of internal control systems by the board of directors, and the Enforcement Regulation of the Companies Act requires the board of auditors (statutory auditor) to "judge the appropriateness" of the above decisions by the board of directors.
　Behind such legislation are the demands for adequate disclosure of the actual status of corporate management, management based on risk management, and new corporate accounting from the viewpoint of the market. The management's response to these demands based on appropriate management judgment will protect shareholders, creditors, employees, business partners, customers, etc. from business failures. On the other hand, it is a fact that internal control imposes new cost burdens on companies and has become a source of concern.
　Internal control is generally defined as a mechanism to control corporate activities set up by management to effectively and efficiently carry out management objectives in a company. If we define internal control more strictly, it can be explained as a management mechanism consisting of the following three components. First, to ensure appropriate and efficient use and conservation of corporate resources in relation to the execution of corporate activities. Second, to ensure that accounting records are accurately prepared and financial reports are reliable for stakeholders. Third, to obtain reasonable assurance that laws and regulations are being complied with, formal systems and organizations for management control set up by management within the company and the procedures and rules necessary for their effective functioning are organized.
　Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal control. The purpose of internal control is to prepare proper financial statements, to ensure compliance with laws and regulations, to safeguard the company's assets, and to carry out the company's business activities efficiently.

Using a non-discrimination curve, Figure 15-1 illustrates the above for two consumers. Consumer A consumes Xa for X goods and Ya for Y goods. Consumer B consumes X goods by Xb and Y goods by Yb. The set of points where the level of utility is constant for A is called the nondiscrimination curve, which is convex toward the origin. The nondiscrimination curve is convex toward the origin, because if the consumption of good Xa increases while the consumption of good Ya remains the same, the utility also increases, so that as Xa increases, Ya decreases and the nondiscrimination curve turns rightward. In addition, since consumption of more of the same good X will decrease the increment of satisfaction due to boredom, Y to compensate for this will be less when the consumption of X is large than when it is small, thus making the nondiscrimination curve convex. On this nondiscrimination curve, the utilities are the same, and those further away from the origin have higher utilities.
　
On the "contract curve", which is the set of points where two nondiscrimination curves meet, it is Pareto optimal. This is because at the point Q, for example, where the two non-discriminatory curves intersect, the utility of one or both of A and B increases just by moving inside the "arc-combining" region (C) that the two non-discriminatory curves through it enclose. In other words, Q is not Pareto optimal. On the other hand, no matter how one moves from the point R where the non-discrimination curve meets the contract curve, the utility of either A or B will decrease. Therefore, the contract curve is a set of Pareto-optimal states.
　
Ordinal utility and Pareto optimum are utilitarianism refined by economics in response to criticisms of liberalism. Even those who are reluctant to accept redistribution to perfect equality will agree that both utilities increase from Q to R, i.e., waste is eliminated. Therefore, neoclassical economists argue that the Pareto optimum is a justice that can be unanimously agreed upon.
　
However, it is doubtful whether liberalism agrees with this argument. On the same contract curve, B is rich and A is poor at points close to OA, and vice versa at points close to OB. Since every point on the contract curve is Pareto optimal, no further choice can be made from the viewpoint of efficiency. Neoclassical economics advocates an economic policy to change inefficient resource allocation to Pareto optimal resource allocation, but it does not go beyond assigning superiority or inferiority to two points on the contract curve. This is because the pursuit of "fairness," i.e., correction of the disparity between the interests of different actors, requires a stronger value judgment than the Pareto optimum, and this is left to political decisions such as elections. In this way, economics advocates the Pareto optimum, or the "elimination of waste," as justice, but it merely delegates to politics the more in-depth judgment of which income distribution on the contract curve is considered optimal, or in other words, it proposes a segregation of academic fields, but does not discuss the justice of distribution.
　
In contrast, Rawls, in his "Theory of Justice," sought conditions for unanimous agreement on resource allocation that satisfies justice, including disparity, in a society with conflicting interests related to the good. Rawls proposed the idea of a "veil of ignorance," in which people have no knowledge of the conception of the good they support, what class, gender, or ethnic group they belong to, what political opinions they hold, or what position they occupy in society. If everyone wore the veil of ignorance, he argued, the "two principles of justice" would be unanimously agreed upon.

How well known is the phenomenon of the endless repetition of strong stinking farts after eating a McDonald's hamburger?

Mistakes in problem setting lead to an unsolvable labyrinth.

I basically prefer the daydreamy nature of the Internet and just watching rather than controlling what I see there. Although I do tinker with it from time to time.

The National Dentist Examination is a national examination to obtain a national dental license. In accordance with the provisions of Articles 2 and 6 of the Dentist Act, in order to become a dentist, one must pass this national examination, register with the Dental Registration Board, and receive a license from the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare. The place to apply for registration in the Dental Register (application for reissuance) is the public health center, after which the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare registers the applicant in the Dental Register. A registration tax of 60,000 yen must be paid nationwide for all new licenses. After obtaining a dental license, the applicant must complete at least one year of post-graduate clinical training.

The pass rate for the National Dental Examination continues to decline. In recent years, the number of successful applicants has been about 2,000, and the number of examinees has been about 3,200, resulting in a pass rate of about 65%. There are a small number of students who apply for the National Dentistry Examination (by applying to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in the fall of their sixth year) but fail to pass the graduation examination (held several times from fall to winter) due to failure to pass the graduation examination of the School of Dentistry in the sixth year of each university's dental school. Compared to other faculties, the number of students who stay in each grade or fail to graduate is particularly high, regardless of whether they are in the sciences or humanities. This is due to the fact that students are required to obtain credits for all courses, including practical training, in grades 1 through 6 in order to advance to the next grade, which is different from most faculties, where students can graduate after obtaining a certain number of credits.

The requirements for taking the examination are stipulated in Article 11 of the Dentist Act, but the majority of examinees are graduates of six-year dental schools or dental colleges in Japan, as stipulated in Paragraph 1. Section 2) and certification (Section 3), only a total of 5 candidates (including 2 who passed) took the examination.

Qualifications for Examination
Graduates (including prospective graduates) who have completed a formal course of study in dentistry at a university under the School Education Law (Law No. 26, 1947).
Those who have passed the National Dentistry Examination Preliminary Examination and have completed at least one year of practical training in dentistry and oral hygiene after passing the examination (including those who are expected to complete the practical training).
Those who have graduated from a dental school in a foreign country or obtained a dental license in a foreign country, and who are certified by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare as having academic ability and skills equivalent or superior to those listed in 1. or 2. and as being appropriate.
Those who are deemed to have been licensed as dentists under the Dentists Act of the Ryukyu Government (Legislation No. 75 of 1955) prior to the reversion of Okinawa to Japan in accordance with Article 18, Paragraph 1 of the Cabinet Order on Special Measures for Application of Laws and Regulations Related to the Ministry of Health and Welfare (Cabinet Order No. 108 of 1972), and certified by the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare.

Date of Examination and Announcement of Successful Candidates
Until the 98th examination, the examination date was usually in mid-March and the acceptance announcement date was usually in mid-April. However, since the clinical training for dentists has become mandatory since 2005, the examination date has been moved up by almost one month from the 99th examination in order to facilitate the training.

Examination Date
101st February 9 and 10, 2008
102nd February 7 and 8, 2009

Date of Pass Announcement
101st March 27, 2008
102nd session: March 27, 2009

Examination sites
Hokkaido, Miyagi Prefecture, Tokyo, Niigata Prefecture, Aichi Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture, Hiroshima Prefecture, Fukuoka Prefecture

Examination Subjects
Knowledge and skills necessary for clinical dentistry and oral hygiene, which should be possessed by dentists.

Examination Scope
Basic medicine, basic dentistry, clinical dentistry, clinical medicine that must be possessed at the time of dental practice, clinical pharmacology, nutrition, disaster medicine, forensic medicine, public health, occupational health, and foreign language practice from the above examination subjects.
The scope of the examination is not delineated, but the applicant will be tested on a variety of knowledge required of a dentist, including basic medicine, basic dentistry, clinical dentistry, clinical pharmacology, nutrition, disaster medicine, forensic medicine, public health, occupational health, and English proficiency for foreign-language practice.

Required Questions
Mostly basic medical questions

General Theory Questions
General Public Health Public Hygiene
General Dental Health Care

General and Clinical Questions
Disease Prevention and Management
Prevention and Management of Dental Diseases
Endodontics
Periodontics
Conservative and Restorative Dentistry
Complete Base Denture
Partial Dentures
Crown and Bridge
Pediatric Dentistry
Orthodontics
Oral Surgery Systemic Management
Dental Radiology General Management
Dental Anesthesiology Systemic Management
Clinical medicine and clinical pharmacology that dentists should possess regarding various systemic diseases.

Passing Criteria
Candidates who meet all of the following criteria will pass the exam (note that these criteria change each time the exam is conducted). A "Notification of Results" will be issued to all examinees regardless of whether they pass or fail the examination. The following criteria are the criteria for the 100th examination.

General Question: 134 points or more / 209 points
Practical clinical questions: 150 points or more / 260 points
Required questions: 34 points or more / 43 points
Number of contraindication questions: less than 2
Number of areas below the standard score: 0

However, of the 50 compulsory questions, 7 questions were scored as "correct but not suitable as compulsory questions. Therefore, for these seven questions, correct answers were added to the score, while incorrect answers were deleted to ensure fairness. Therefore, the full score for the compulsory questions differs for each examinee, but the passing criterion is "80% of the full score. These passing criteria have been tightened year after year, lowering the passing rate.

This is the standard for the 102nd examination. One point is awarded for each general question (including compulsory questions) and 2.5 points is awarded for each practical clinical question.

115 points or more for general questions
155 points or more for the practical clinical questions
Required questions: 40 points or more
No. of contraindication questions less than 2
Number of areas below the standard score: 0

From the 103rd examination, the required and contraindicated questions have not been changed, but the general and clinical practice questions have been changed to areas A to C. The questions are divided into areas A (mainly basic and hygiene), B (mainly conservative, pediatric dentistry, and orthodontics), and C (mainly prosthetics, oral surgery, anesthesia, and radiation). The required and general questions are each worth one point, while the practical clinical questions are now worth three points per question.

Increasing Difficulty of Questions and Decreasing Pass Rates
In recent years, the pass rate for the National Dental Examination has been drastically reduced. In fact, the pass rate in recent years has been in the 60% range (30% for those who have already graduated), and the days of high pass rates in the past, when the exam was known as a "qualification exam" or "confirmation exam," are already a thing of the past. The scope of the examination has expanded over the years with the introduction of "questions on medical English" in the 103rd session, "questions on forensic medicine" in the 107th session, and "questions on knowledge of Chinese medicine" in the 116th session.
In the 102nd examination, multiple-choice questions (so-called "Super-X" questions (i.e., questions on the number of items)) were newly introduced, further increasing the difficulty level of the examination. From the 103rd examination, an increase in the number of required questions (from 50 to 70), an increase in the number of Super-X questions, and the appearance of new types of questions such as L-type and C-type questions are expected.
In the 103rd session, "Medical English Necessary for Medical Treatment" is newly introduced as a question criterion. English questions began to be included in the National Examination for Dental Examiners. (The National Medical Practitioners Examination began to include questions from the 103rd National Medical Practitioners Examination, one session earlier).
In the 105th examination, the number of multiple-choice questions (Super X questions) was reduced as much as possible, and calculation questions and multiple-choice questions (in which the correct answer is chosen from seven options) were introduced instead.
In the 107th, Forensic Medicine (Legal Dentistry) was introduced. The pass rate was 63.3%, the lowest ever, and the result was that not a single public university dental school had a pass rate of over 90% when the denominator was new graduates.
In the 109th session, the number of successful applicants fell below 2,000 for the first time since the 90th session.
In the 116th examination, in addition to Question A (in which one correct answer is selected from five choices), Question X2 (in which two correct answers are selected from five choices) was introduced as a compulsory question. Questions on the contents of "the contents related to the handling of the elderly and persons with systemic diseases who take Wakan-yaku" were added to the contents, and questions on the knowledge of "Kampo medicine" were started.

A period of time refers to an accounting period, whereas a period of management refers to a period of time, and a period of time refers to a period of time. Net income or net loss is the net income or net loss that is the difference between the operating income and the net income or net loss that is the difference between the operating income and the net income or net loss that is the difference between the operating income and the net income or net loss that is the difference between the operating income and the net income or net loss. Net income or net loss is the net income or net loss that is the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status. Net income or loss is the net income or loss that is the difference between the cost and income statuses. Net income or loss is the net income or loss that is the difference between the cost and income statuses. Net income or net loss is the net income or net loss that is the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status. Net income or net loss is the net income or net loss that is the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status. Net income or net loss is the net income or net loss that is the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status and the difference between the cost and income status.

No no no, blood oxygenation and skin temperature are very important. When you get a respiratory illness, it is often accompanied by a drop in blood oxygen. The body temperature rises. This can lead to the possibility of being diagnosed as having a measles disease. It is not good that the ECG measurement is not always available, because it cannot read the tendency of ventricular fibrillation and so on. In this area, fitbit is by far the best. In addition to heart rate, respiration rate, blood oxygenation, and surface temperature, fitbit is also able to measure the heart rate, respiration rate, blood oxygenation, and surface temperature. The top-of-the-line models constantly measure electrocardiograms and automatically measure stress levels based on skin currents, and advise you every morning whether you should move your body vigorously or take a rest today. Of course, you can also use the company's Taizu Worship or a third-party water bottle with a flow sensor in the mouth for further investigation. The workout also guides you through high-intensity and rapid repetitions, with both upper and lower heart rate limits set. The funniest part is that it even uses the microphone to tell you if you are snoring or otherwise disturbing yourself while you sleep. The alarm is also a little different from the regular alarms. The smart alarm monitors your sleep and vibrates to wake you up when you are in a shallow sleep. When you go to the doctor, you can press the "Create" button, and in about 10 minutes, fitbit will send you an ODF file with a summary of all the parameters you have collected from the users and the personal information you have stored, as well as the areas that fitbit has determined to be of concern. On the other hand, if you use SmartAlert, you can kill the constant light and vibrate at bedtime because you will wake up in the middle of the night if you are constantly buzzed by notifications. In fact, there are times when I get cold due to arrhythmia or ventricular fibrillation while sleeping, or I am doing the apnea army. It is important to leave the watch on except for bath time to constantly measure health data including sleep satisfaction. To be honest, though, I have to say that the health management of the Apple Watch is considerably lower than that of cheap Chinese watches. The ability to monitor sleep, blood oxygen levels, and sleep is very important to prevent epidemic diseases and to monitor changes in health over time. However, if I want to do full-scale sleep monitoring, I need it to last for 3 days, unless I can recharge it only when I take a bath and it will last for the next day. In that sense, I think it is worth choosing the Ultra model, or why not put this much battery in the regular model? I think it's worth it. The constant lighting is important for bicycle training, where you have to train your legs and back by repeatedly struggling at high intensity and running normally, but of course if you can't twist your arms and the light is off, you can't put on the exercise intensity without removing your hands from the handlebars.

1 . Introduction.
This tunnel is located in the western part of Fujieda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, on the Second Tomei Expressway, with a length of 309 m (uplink) and 322 m (downlink).
The maximum earth cover is 54 m. The maximum earth cover is 54 m, less than three times the tunnel excavation width (approximately 20 m).
The geology belongs to the Neogene Miocene Oigawa Formation, and is composed mainly of mudstone, which has been affected by subsequent folding, erosion and weathering of the turbulent sedimentary layers caused by submarine landslides.
The geology is composed mainly of mudstone, which has been affected by folding, erosion, weathering and other factors. In this project, the 'advanced widening method of the central conduit' was used as a countermeasure to stabilise the face.
The central shaft advanced widening method was used as a countermeasure for face stability.
Measurements taken during the construction of the advanced widening of the central shaft revealed some characteristic behaviour of this method. In this paper.
FEM analysis was carried out to qualitatively confirm the effectiveness of the central shaft as a countermeasure for face stability.
2. Outline of construction
During the excavation of the side-wall shafts as a countermeasure against lack of bearing capacity, mudstones that appeared in the face of the shafts were either completely converted into sediment or had the appearance of rock fragments, which had the potential to have a mirror surface.
The mudstones in the face of the shafts, which were either completely sedimented or apparently rock fragments, were easily detached and opened by latent cracks with mirror-like surfaces. Even in small sections of the side-wall ledge, collapses from the face were frequent.
The collapse from the face occurred frequently, even in small sections of the side-wall lead-in, and injection-type forepouring and mirror bolts were installed.
Therefore, some kind of large-scale face stability measures were considered necessary during the excavation of the main shaft. In this project, various types of face stability measures were considered.
As a result of examining various types of face stability measures, it was found that reinforcement measures such as mirror bolts and ground improvement would not be suitable due to the large cross-sectional area of the upper half excavated, as well as the significantly reduced construction cycle.
The results of this study showed that, due to the large cross-sectional area of the upper half excavated, the construction cycle was significantly reduced and there were concerns that the strength of the ground would deteriorate due to drilling water and other negative factors would be significant.
Therefore, the construction of the "advanced widening method of the central shaft" was chosen, which is expected to be effective as a countermeasure for face stability in fragile ground.
3 . Ground behaviour during widening
3.1 Behaviour of the central shaft during widening
The displacement vectors of the measured results of the inner displacement (3D measurements) in the central shaft during the widening of the main shaft in relation to the position of the main shaft face are shown in Fig. 3.1.
The displacement vectors are shown in Figure 3.1. The results show the following.
(1) The central shaft is pushed out in the direction of the main shaft face during the excavation of the main shaft. The amount is approximately 50 mm.
(2) The displacement is in the direction of 45° at an angle in the vicinity of the main shaft face (3) The displacement is in the direction of 45° in front of the main shaft face
(iii) The settlement trend increases at about 5 m in front of the main shaft face (coinciding with the time when the joint with the invert was destroyed).

ha10.net, a site of harm and hate
A breeding ground for ugliness, not great
Its pages filled with poison and lies
That poison the mind and hurt the eyes

The words it spews are vile and untrue
A weapon of malice aimed at you
The harm it causes, we cannot deny
As its influence spreads far and wide

Let us unite to speak out against
This site of harm that makes no sense
Together we can make our voices heard
And rid the world of this toxic word

So let us stand against ha10.net
And all the hate that it begets
Let us work towards a better place
One filled with love and not with hate.

If a heterotroph is unable to eat or doesn't have the energy to eat, it could be a sign of a serious medical condition and you should seek medical attention immediately. In the meantime, there are a few things that may help to increase energy levels:

Stay hydrated: Dehydration can make you feel lethargic and tired, so make sure you drink plenty of fluids, such as water and electrolyte-rich beverages.

Get some rest: If you are feeling fatigued, it may be a sign that your body needs rest. Make sure to get enough sleep at night and take naps throughout the day if needed.

Eat small, frequent meals: If you don't have the energy to eat a full meal, try eating small, frequent meals throughout the day. This can help to keep your energy levels up without requiring a lot of effort to consume large amounts of food at once.

Eat nutrient-rich foods: When you do eat, focus on nutrient-rich foods that will provide your body with the fuel it needs. This includes foods that are high in protein, complex carbohydrates, and healthy fats.

Consider supplements: If you are not getting enough nutrients from your diet, you may want to consider taking supplements, such as vitamins or minerals, to help boost your energy levels. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking any supplements.

In the context of biology, heterotrophs and autotrophs have different ways of obtaining energy. Heterotrophs consume other organisms or organic matter, while autotrophs produce their own food using energy from the sun (photosynthesis) or from inorganic sources (chemosynthesis).

In a broader sense, if we apply these terms to human interactions, we can think of heterotrophs as individuals who rely on others for their well-being, and autotrophs as individuals who are self-sufficient. In this sense, getting along with autotrophs can mean learning to be more self-sufficient, and getting along with heterotrophs can mean learning to be more cooperative and interdependent. Here are a few tips:

Build relationships: Whether you are an autotroph or a heterotroph, building strong relationships with others can help you to navigate social and environmental challenges. Take the time to get to know others, and work to develop trust and mutual respect.

Share resources: Autotrophs can share their knowledge and skills with heterotrophs, helping them to become more self-sufficient. Heterotrophs can contribute to the community by sharing their resources and supporting the well-being of others.

Communicate effectively: Clear and honest communication is essential for building relationships and resolving conflicts. Make sure that you are listening actively and expressing yourself clearly, and be open to feedback and constructive criticism.

Be flexible: Adaptability is key to getting along with others. Recognize that everyone has different needs, strengths, and limitations, and be willing to adjust your approach accordingly.

Practice empathy: Try to put yourself in the shoes of others and understand their perspective. Empathy can help you to build stronger relationships and resolve conflicts more effectively.

As explained in the previous chapter, corporate activities are defined as a series of capital circulating activities, in which capital is invested, invested, grown, and recovered.
In order to understand this corporate activity, bookkeeping uses the concepts of assets, liabilities, net assets, revenues, and expenses to record changes in those assets, liabilities, net assets, revenues, and expenses, and to prepare a balance sheet and income statement. Therefore, the ultimate goal of bookkeeping is to produce a balance sheet and income statement.
　A balance sheet (B/S) is a statement of financial position at a certain point in time. The balance sheet shows the financial position of the company at a certain point in time, which is the end of the fiscal year, and the financial position of assets, liabilities, and net assets. The balance sheet includes stock information, a concept that expresses the economic value existing at a certain point in time.
　Profit and Loss Statement (P/L or Income Statement or IS) is a statement of operating results for a certain period of time. A period of time refers to one accounting period, and operating results refer to the status of expenses and revenues and the difference between them, i.e., net income or net loss. The income statement contains flow information that shows the economic value of inflows and outflows during a given period.
　The balance sheet and income statement are closely linked and complementary to each other.
　The following is an example of a Makuhari Shoten's balance sheet and income statement as of April 30, 2011.

　In the balance sheet, liabilities and net assets represent the financing structure, while assets represent the investment structure (Figure 2-1).
　Let's start with the components of the balance sheet: assets, liabilities, and net assets.
Assets: Assets are those items in the capital circulation process that have economic benefits as a means of management and can be reasonably measured in terms of monetary value. Specifically, they include goods such as cash, merchandise, equipment, machinery, vehicles, buildings, and land, as well as rights such as checking accounts, accounts receivable, notes receivable, loans receivable, and patent rights.
　In bookkeeping, assets are
(1) Owned by the entity.
(2) It generates future income for the entity.
(3) It is measured in terms of its monetary value.
(3) It is measured in terms of its monetary value.
　For example, a company's creditworthiness and high technological capabilities satisfy conditions (1) and (2), but cannot be called an asset because condition (3) is not satisfied. Also, competent employees satisfy condition (2), but not (1) and (3). Goods that have no sale value because they are out of stock or obsolete satisfy conditions (1) and (3), but cannot be called assets because they do not satisfy condition (2).
Liabilities: Liabilities are obligations (payment obligations) and monetary amounts owed by an entity to individuals or other entities in the future, which are incurred in the course of business activities. Examples include accounts payable for unpaid purchases of goods, notes payable, loans payable, accounts payable-other, and advances received.

Genetic engineering has the potential to bring about many changes to humanity, some of which are already being realized and others that are still hypothetical. Here are some examples of scenarios that genetic engineering could bring to humanity:

Improved disease resistance: Scientists are working to develop gene therapies and other genetic interventions that could help prevent or treat a wide range of diseases, including genetic disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases.

Enhanced athletic performance: Genetic engineering could be used to modify genes that influence physical characteristics like strength, endurance, and speed, potentially leading to enhanced athletic performance and other physical capabilities.

Designer babies: In the future, it may be possible to use genetic engineering to select specific traits for offspring, such as eye color, intelligence, or even physical appearance, leading to the creation of "designer babies."

Extended lifespan: By identifying and modifying genes that influence aging and disease, genetic engineering could potentially help people live longer, healthier lives.

Ethical and societal implications: As genetic engineering becomes more prevalent, there are likely to be many ethical and societal implications to consider, including issues of privacy, discrimination, and inequality.

It is important to note that many of these scenarios are still in the realm of speculation, and there are many challenges and uncertainties associated with genetic engineering. However, as the field continues to advance, it is likely that we will see significant changes to humanity and society as a whole.

Reducing harmful content online is a complex challenge that requires a multifaceted approach. Here are a few strategies that could be effective:

Regulation and legal measures: Governments could pass laws and regulations that require online platforms to take more responsibility for the content that appears on their platforms. This could include measures like fines for platforms that fail to remove harmful content, or requirements to implement stronger content moderation policies.

Better content moderation: Online platforms could invest in better content moderation tools and processes, including AI and machine learning algorithms that can more effectively identify and remove harmful content. They could also hire more human moderators and provide better training and support to help them identify and remove harmful content.

User empowerment and education: Users can be empowered to report harmful content they come across online, and educated on how to recognize and avoid harmful content. Online platforms can provide better reporting tools and more transparency around their content moderation policies and practices.

Collaboration and partnerships: Governments, online platforms, and other stakeholders could collaborate and form partnerships to develop and implement more effective strategies for reducing harmful content online. This could include sharing data and resources, and working together to develop new technologies and approaches to content moderation.

Ultimately, reducing harmful content online will require a combination of these and other strategies, as well as ongoing research and evaluation to understand what works best in different contexts. It is also important to balance the need to reduce harmful content with the importance of protecting free speech and other fundamental rights online.

It is difficult to predict with certainty whether humanity will become more or less diverse in the future, as there are many factors that could influence this trend. However, there are several trends and patterns that can help us make some educated guesses:

Migration: As people move around the world in search of better opportunities, this can lead to increased diversity in certain regions or countries. In recent years, we have seen a significant increase in global migration, which has led to greater diversity in many parts of the world.

Globalization: As technology and transportation continue to advance, people are becoming more connected and are able to travel and communicate with each other more easily. This could lead to greater cultural exchange and diversity in some regions.

Demographic changes: Changes in population size, age structure, and fertility rates can also impact diversity. For example, if certain groups have higher fertility rates than others, this could lead to increased diversity in the long term.

Cultural assimilation: On the other hand, as people migrate and cultures mix, there may be some cultural assimilation or blending that occurs, which could lead to less diversity in certain regions or countries.

Overall, it is likely that humanity will become more diverse in some regions and countries, while perhaps becoming less diverse in others. It is important to celebrate and embrace diversity as a valuable asset to our global community, and to work towards creating a more inclusive and equitable society for all people, regardless of their background or identity.

Booster: 1623498
Finisher: 3100081

Now, The Booster has become The Finisher.

No finisher due to flood of boosters...

Japan adopts a taxation jurisprudence, and income tax is regulated by the Income Tax Act. The legislation is based on the principle of increased net worth, i.e. the comprehensive income concept. The principle is based on a progressive tax rate in excess of income and a declared comprehensive taxation system. The tax base is calculated by multiplying the total personal income for the calendar year, minus personal deductions, by the corresponding excess progressive tax rate, and the taxpayer is required to declare and pay the tax to the taxation authority. On the other hand, there are many cases where modifications are made by tax treaties or special taxation measures laws, and for this reason there are some elements of classified income taxation, in which different tax rates from the excess progressive tax rate are applied to each income category, particularly interest, dividend, salary, miscellaneous, temporary, transfer, forestry and retirement sources. This can be considered a vestige of the 1940 Income Tax Act. It should also be added that the law adopts several taxation systems, such as separate taxation on declaration or separate taxation at source, as well as comprehensive taxation on declaration.

The definitions enumerated in Article 2 of the Income Tax Act are a mixture of restrictive and generalised. This is due to their proximity to other public law (e.g. nationality law, family registration law) or private law (e.g. civil law, commercial law, financial instruments law) systems, and is evidence of the comprehensive and multi-layered nature of the income concept. In addition, the modifications made by the Special Taxation Measures Law and other laws make it almost impossible for individuals to talk about the exact taxation relationships when investing in finance or transferring real estate without knowing the taxation system [2]. However, the rapid increase in liquidity, regardless of the person, due to the statelessness and computerisation of economic activities, has made it unavoidable that taxation relationships have become more pluralistic. However, it is obvious that, although not limited to income tax law, when defining new taxation requirements in legal provisions each time, attention must always be paid to the limits of the scope of the wording, resulting in an increase in superimposed or competing provisions and a complex and difficult legal structure. As a result, the number of superimposed or competing provisions increases and the legal structure becomes more complex and difficult to understand. In addition, the Special Taxation Measures Law, which is supposed to be a time-limited piece of legislation, has been made permanent in effect through rent-seeking by interested parties, and it is questionable whether the fairness of the tax burden can be guaranteed.

The Japanese income tax was introduced in 1887 with the promulgation of the Income Tax Act (Imperial Ordinance No. 5 of 23 March 1887) on 23 March and its implementation on 1 July. At the time of its introduction, it was also known as the honour tax, as only high-income earners with an income of at least 300 yen were liable to pay the tax. The tax rate was a minimum of 1% and a maximum of 3% and accounted for only a small proportion of tax revenue. However, it was expected to be a powerful source of tax revenue that would bring a fair burden in the future for the Meiji Government, which had no other major sources of tax revenue other than the liquor tax and land tax. The Income Tax Law (Law No. 17 of 13 February 1899) was enacted in 1899 (Meiji 32), and corporate income was taxed as Type I income. was taxed as a first type of income (part of the second tax increase after the Sino-Japanese War).

The tax revenue structure changed in the 20th century. The Industrial Revolution changed the industrial structure and industrial sophistication developed (Petty-Clark's Law). On 8 April 1913, the Income Tax Law was amended and the Emergency Special Tax Law was abolished, and the Emergency Special Tax was merged with the Income Tax and reduced. After the Russo-Japanese War, the tax system was reorganised, and after 1918 the income tax competed with the liquor tax for the top position, and in 1920 it was completely revised and increased by the Income Tax Law (Law No. 11 of 31 July 1920) to make it a core tax. Around the time after the Great Kanto Earthquake, income tax is recognised as the core of the tax system.

In the Showa period, Japan's foreign expansion becomes more active. The entry into the Second World War, including the Sino-Japanese War (1937 - 1945) and the Pacific War (1939 - 1945), required large amounts of tax revenue and the tax system was integrated into the wartime regime. 1940 saw a total revision of the Income Tax Act ( Act No. 24 of 29 March 1940) and the taxation of corporations (corporation tax) was separated from income tax and the Corporation Tax Act (Act No. 25 of 29 March 1940) was enacted. The Income Tax Law (Law No. 25 of 29 March 1940) was also enacted. The income tax was popularised by adopting a comprehensive income tax and a classified income tax, classifying income tax and lowering the basic deduction. Furthermore, withholding was expanded and the modern income tax system was set up (the '1940 System').

In 1945, Japan was defeated in World War II and came under the rule of GHQ. In 1948, the tax lawyer Karl Schaub and others visited Japan and thoroughly studied Japan's income tax system, and found it inadequate. They submitted the Schaup Recommendations, which pointed out elements that conflicted with the declared tax payment system, such as the inadequate progressive tax rate and withholding system, and advocated a fully comprehensive progressive income tax, various deductions and a blue tax return system. The Japanese Government responded by amending the tax system, which became law in 1950 as the Act for Partial Revision of the Income Tax Act (Act No. 71 of 31 March 1950) (Schaup Tax System). However, in 1953 (Law No. 173 of 7 August 1953), a number of amendments were made in a reverse course. Subsequently, Japan entered a period of high economic growth, which led to a continuous natural increase in the tax system.

In 1965, the Income Tax Law was completely revised. According to the explanation of Kakuei Tanaka, Minister of Finance, the reason for this was "to improve the tax law, focusing on the systematic development of provisions and clarification of expressions from the viewpoint of facilitating taxpayers' understanding" and "to make the legal system easy for ordinary taxpayers to understand, while taking the tax law principle as a given, and to make the current provisions by Cabinet Order or Ministerial Order more comprehensible". The purpose was also "to make the arrangement of provisions and the plainness of expression easy to understand".

Since the oil shock of 1973, Japan's economic growth rate has declined and it is now recognised that the tax system has not kept pace with changes in the social structure. In response to this recognition, a fundamental reform of the tax system was carried out in 1988 (1988 Amendment), which "reduced income taxation, required a broad and thin burden on consumption and optimised the burden on assets". Individual income tax rates were simplified and the maximum tax rate was reduced.

Functions of income classifications
Income classification creates scope for tax shelters (measures to reduce or eliminate income tax through the conversion of income types) due to the different methods of calculating the amount of each type of income. However, it can be combined with the statutory order and limitation of the profit and loss deduction to prevent expenses and losses from being diverted to him (a type of tax shelter).

Basis for income classification
While the income tax system is based on a comprehensive taxation method, it incorporates a classified income tax-like system of income classification.

Differences in tax-bearing capacity
The idea is that different types of income have different tax-bearing powers. When income is divided into employment income (salary, retirement), asset income (interest, dividends, real estate, forests, transfers, etc.) and combined asset and labour income (business, etc.), asset income is the most tax-bearing due to the stability of its source, while labour income is the least tax-bearing due to the instability of its source (asset income taxed heavily, labour income taxed lightly).
This concept is based on the assumption that asset income is a reliable source of income over time, which can be added to the income from working income, while working income is dependent on the health and life and death of the worker and the income cannot be inherited by descendants.
This theory is highly compatible with the comprehensive income concept theory, which constitutes economic benefits as income, and the theory of increasing net worth. In reality, however, it requires a flexible approach in line with the cause of income generation.
Expense deductions
Income can be divided into two types: income from independent, continuous commercial activities (e.g. real estate, business, forestry) for which comprehensive expense deductions are allowed, and income from which only partial income deductions are allowed.
Withholding and scheduled tax payments
The income tax system provides for a withholding system for interest, dividends, salaries and retirement on the basis of income classification, with the possibility of withholding being taken into account in the income classification. The scheduled tax payment system also uses income classification.
Optimal taxation theory
The view that taxation should be inversely proportional to the elasticity of supply of different factors of production, such as capital and labour, as a market-neutral factor of taxation from the perspective of efficiency in the distribution of resources (taxation of factors whose supply is reduced by taxation should be lowered). The conclusion is likely to be the opposite of the idea that emphasises differences in tax-bearing capacity (light taxation of asset income and heavy taxation of labour income).
The philosophy differs from the Japanese income tax law, but in actual tax law it has a high affinity with the Nordic dual income tax.

Euclid's reciprocal division algorithm is used to find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two positive integers. The algorithm works by repeatedly subtracting the smaller number from the larger number until the two numbers become equal, at which point the GCD has been found. The following is an example of how the algorithm works:

Suppose we want to find the GCD of 252 and 105.

Step 1: Divide the larger number by the smaller number and find the remainder.
252 ÷ 105 = 2 remainder 42

Step 2: If the remainder is zero, the algorithm terminates and the GCD is the smaller number.
If the remainder is not zero, proceed to step 3.

Step 3: Set the larger number to be the smaller number, and set the smaller number to be the remainder obtained in step 1.
252 = 105 × 2 + 42
Set a = 105, b = 42

Step 4: Repeat steps 1-3 until the remainder is zero.
105 ÷ 42 = 2 remainder 21
42 ÷ 21 = 2 remainder 0

Since the remainder is zero, the algorithm terminates and the GCD of 252 and 105 is 21. We can verify that 21 is indeed the GCD of 252 and 105 by checking that it is a common divisor of both numbers and that it is the largest common divisor.

If it takes 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 seconds to move one disc, the time it takes to move all 64 discs can be calculated as follows:

Moving one disc takes 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 seconds.
Moving two discs takes twice as long, or 2 x 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 = 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002 seconds.
Moving three discs takes twice as long as moving two discs plus one move of the largest disc, or 2 x 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002 + 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 = 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005 seconds.
Moving four discs takes twice as long as moving three discs plus one move of the largest disc, or 2 x 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005 + 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 = 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011 seconds.
Continuing this pattern, we can calculate the time it takes to move all 64 discs by adding up the time it takes to move each individual disc. This gives us:
0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 + 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002 + 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000005 + 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011 + ... + 9.22337203685477600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001

The sum of all these times is approximately 18.4467440737095516 seconds.
Therefore, if it takes 0.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 seconds to move one disc, it would take approximately 18.4467440737095516 seconds to move all 64 discs using the Tower of Hanoi algorithm.

If it takes zeptoseconds to move one disc in the Tower of Hanoi game, then the total time required to move all 64 discs can be calculated as follows:

The time required to move one disc is 10^-21 seconds.
To move two discs, we need to move the smaller disc to the spare peg, then move the larger disc to the destination peg, and finally move the smaller disc on top of the larger disc on the destination peg. This takes 3 times the time required to move one disc, or 3 x 10^-21 seconds.
To move three discs, we need to first move the top two discs to the spare peg using step 2, then move the bottom disc to the destination peg, and finally move the two discs on the spare peg to the destination peg using step 2 again. This takes 7 times the time required to move one disc, or 7 x 10^-21 seconds.
Similarly, to move four discs, we need to first move the top three discs to the spare peg using step 3, then move the bottom disc to the destination peg, and finally move the three discs on the spare peg to the destination peg using step 3 again. This takes 15 times the time required to move one disc, or 15 x 10^-21 seconds.
Continuing this pattern, we can calculate the total time required to move all 64 discs as follows:

1 + 3 + 7 + 15 + 31 + ... + 2^63 - 1

This is a geometric series with a common ratio of 2, so we can use the formula for the sum of a geometric series to calculate the total time:

(2^64 - 1) x 10^-21 x (1 - 2^-64) / (1 - 2)
= 18446744073709551615 x 10^-21 x (2^-64)
= 5.77655 x 10^-14 seconds

So if it takes zeptoseconds to move one disc in the Tower of Hanoi game, it would take approximately 0.0000000000000000000577655 seconds to move all 64 discs.

Certainly, my apologies for the delay in responding to your request. Please find below a verbose, convoluted, and excessively intricate text that may be of interest to your great-grandfather's cousin's nephew's paternal high grandfather's old friend:

In the realm of scholastic endeavors and the pursuit of intellectual pursuits, it is not uncommon to encounter the esoteric, the obtuse, and the pedantic. Indeed, the pursuit of knowledge and the attainment of erudition is oftentimes a journey beset with challenges, obstacles, and vicissitudes that may test the mettle of even the most determined and intrepid seeker.

One may, for instance, endeavor to delve into the intricacies of the mathematical sciences, exploring the arcane and labyrinthine mysteries of number theory, topology, or differential geometry. Alternatively, one may find oneself enamored of the subtle nuances and the infinite subtleties of language, grammar, and rhetoric, pursuing the craft of writing or the art of oratory with an unflagging zeal and a relentless commitment to excellence.

In any case, the road to enlightenment is not an easy one, fraught as it is with perils and pitfalls that may ensnare the unwary and the unprepared. Nevertheless, for those who possess the necessary fortitude, the requisite perseverance, and the unshakeable determination to overcome adversity, the rewards of the journey are manifold and profound.

So, to your great-grandfather's cousin's nephew's paternal high grandfather's old friend, I say: fear not the complexities of the world, but embrace them with a sense of wonder, a spirit of curiosity, and a thirst for knowledge that shall never be quenched. For in the pursuit of understanding, in the quest for wisdom, and in the attainment of enlightenment, we find the true purpose of our existence, and the meaning of our lives.

There are many complex issues in the world that can be difficult to understand, and it's important to approach them with an open mind and a willingness to learn. However, sometimes the explanations provided can be confusing or unhelpful, which can make it even harder to grasp the problem. It's important to remember that those who create the problems and the explanations may not fully understand the perspectives and experiences of those who are struggling to comprehend them. Therefore, it's crucial to be patient and compassionate when teaching others, especially those who may not have access to the same resources or opportunities as others. By doing so, we can help create a more inclusive and understanding community.

It's understandable to feel left behind and frustrated at times, but expressing violent or harmful thoughts is not a healthy or productive way to cope. It's important to find healthier outlets for frustration and to communicate with others in a respectful manner. Harming others or oneself is never the answer. Instead, it's important to take responsibility for one's own actions and to work towards finding solutions to problems. It's also important to recognize that one's feelings and experiences are valid, but it's not helpful or fair to blame others for one's own problems. Let's strive to treat others with kindness and respect, even when we may disagree or have different opinions.

The abstract contains a hodgepodge of disconnected and potentially troubling statements. It promotes a superficial and hedonistic lifestyle where individuals can skip things they are not interested in and suggests that a liberal arts degree can be obtained through hard work without completing all the required courses. The promotion of a competition to win a stinky loincloth is bizarre and adds no value to the discussion. The desire to have a chest plate as thick as a gorilla and twisting a baby's hand are violent and disturbing. The statement "you can't say it's hard even if it's hard" promotes a culture of repression and denies individuals the opportunity to express themselves honestly. The suggestion to stop when something becomes too much trouble is not helpful or productive. Finally, the fear of breaking a habit because it could lead to a relationship with another person is irrational and promotes a solitary and isolating lifestyle.

A more rational summary of the quasi-brainstorming session would be that it is important to take responsibility for our actions and to complete tasks that we commit to. It is not acceptable to promote violence or to deny individuals the opportunity to express themselves freely. It is important to persevere through difficult situations and to seek support when needed. Breaking habits can be challenging, but it can also lead to personal growth and positive change.

1. Meta-ethics is the branch of ethics that examines the nature of ethical concepts, language, and the foundations of ethical theories. It delves into questions about the meaning of ethical terms, the objectivity of moral judgments, and the possibility of moral knowledge. While meta-ethics may not provide direct answers to specific ethical problems in practice, it is closely related to the pursuit of an ethical way of life.

Meta-ethical inquiries help us understand the underlying principles and frameworks that inform our ethical beliefs and actions. By examining the nature of ethical concepts and language, we gain a deeper understanding of the foundations of our moral judgments and the values we hold. This understanding can shape our ethical outlook and guide us in living an ethical life.

For example, meta-ethics explores questions such as whether moral values are objective or subjective, whether ethical statements express facts or merely subjective opinions, and how moral reasoning works. These inquiries can shed light on the nature of morality and help individuals develop a coherent ethical framework.

Engaging with meta-ethical discussions allows individuals to critically reflect on their own ethical beliefs and values. It enables them to consider the different ethical theories and perspectives, understand the strengths and weaknesses of each, and make informed choices about their own moral outlook.

In summary, meta-ethics plays a crucial role in the pursuit of an ethical way of life by deepening our understanding of ethical concepts, language, and theories. It helps us develop a coherent ethical framework and critically reflect on our own moral beliefs and values.

2. The trolley problem is a thought experiment in ethics that presents a moral dilemma involving a runaway trolley and a choice between two courses of action, both of which have negative consequences. Different ethical viewpoints offer distinct perspectives on how to approach this problem:

- Consequentialism: Consequentialism evaluates the moral rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences. From a consequentialist perspective, the decision in the trolley problem would be based on maximizing overall well-being or minimizing harm. In this context, one might argue that pulling the lever to divert the trolley and save five lives at the expense of sacrificing one life is the morally right action because it results in the greater overall good.

- Intuitionism: Intuitionism emphasizes the role of moral intuition and immediate moral judgments. Intuitionists may argue that there is an intuitive moral duty not to actively cause harm to others. In the trolley problem, an intuitionist might find it morally wrong to actively pull the lever, as it involves directly causing harm to the one individual, even if it results in saving more lives overall.

- Exceptionalism: Exceptionalism holds that certain moral rules or principles should not be violated, regardless of the consequences. From an exceptionalist viewpoint, pulling the lever in the trolley problem might be seen as violating a fundamental moral rule, such as "do not directly cause harm to innocent individuals," even if it leads to saving more lives overall.

These ethical perspectives offer different considerations and prioritize different factors in moral decision-making. The trolley problem serves as a thought experiment to explore the tensions and complexities between different ethical theories and intuitions, and how individuals weigh the competing moral values involved.

3. Reconsidering one's own profession or practice from intrinsic and extrinsic perspectives can provide valuable insights into the ethical dimensions of the work being done. Here are some points to consider:

- Intrinsic perspective: The intrinsic perspective involves reflecting on the ethical aspects that arise from firsthand experience and participation in a particular profession or practice. It entails understanding the values, norms, and ethical requirements inherent to the field and recognizing the collective action and meaning that emerges within it. This perspective can help identify what constitutes good practice and ethical decision-making within the profession.

- Extrinsic perspective: The extrinsic perspective looks at the ethical dimensions of a profession or practice from an external viewpoint, often drawing upon normative ethical theories and principles. It involves considering ethical standards that are not specific to the profession but are relevant and applicable across various contexts.

Engaging with the extrinsic perspective allows professionals to evaluate their actions and practices against broader ethical frameworks and societal expectations. It helps identify potential conflicts between intrinsic values within the profession and external ethical standards.

The interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic perspectives is crucial for achieving a comprehensive understanding of the ethical implications of a profession or practice. While the intrinsic perspective provides insights into the specific ethical challenges and nuances within the field, the extrinsic perspective ensures a broader ethical analysis that considers the impact of professional actions on stakeholders, society, and universal moral principles.

By integrating these perspectives, professionals can strive to align their intrinsic values and professional practices with ethical principles that are widely recognized and accepted. It also enables critical reflection on potential ethical dilemmas and the exploration of ethical solutions that balance the specific demands of the profession with broader ethical considerations.

In conclusion, considering the intrinsic and extrinsic perspectives of one's own profession or practice contributes to a deeper understanding of the ethical dimensions involved. Integrating these perspectives helps professionals navigate the complexities of ethical decision-making, reconcile conflicting values, and ensure that their actions align with both the intrinsic values of the profession and the broader ethical standards that guide human conduct.

Studying ethics is of great significance and offers numerous benefits. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with moral principles, values, and the concepts of right and wrong. Here are some key reasons why studying ethics is valuable:

1. Personal Development: Exploring ethics allows individuals to develop a deeper understanding of their own moral values, beliefs, and principles. It helps in clarifying personal goals and provides guidance for ethical decision-making in various situations.

2. Moral Reasoning: Ethics equips individuals with critical thinking skills and ethical reasoning abilities. It enables them to analyze complex moral dilemmas, consider different perspectives, and make informed and justifiable decisions based on ethical principles.

3. Ethical Decision Making: The study of ethics provides a framework for making sound ethical choices in personal, professional, and societal contexts. It offers tools and methods to evaluate ethical issues, weigh potential consequences, and identify the most morally acceptable course of action.

4. Professional Conduct: Ethics is crucial in professional settings. Understanding ethical principles helps individuals uphold integrity, honesty, and fairness in their work. It promotes responsible behavior and helps professionals navigate ethical challenges and dilemmas they may encounter in their careers.

5. Social Responsibility: Ethical awareness contributes to being a responsible and engaged citizen. By studying ethics, individuals become more aware of the impact of their actions on others and society as a whole. It encourages a sense of social responsibility and promotes the well-being of individuals and communities.

6. Ethical Leadership: Ethics plays a vital role in leadership. Leaders who possess a strong ethical foundation are more likely to inspire trust, integrity, and fairness. They make decisions that consider the broader ethical implications and work towards the betterment of their organizations and society.

7. Ethical Reflection and Dialogue: The study of ethics fosters open and meaningful discussions about moral issues. It encourages individuals to engage in ethical reflection and engage in dialogue with others to explore different perspectives and reach well-reasoned conclusions. This promotes empathy, tolerance, and understanding among individuals.

8. Ethical Frameworks: Ethics offers various frameworks and theories that provide a basis for ethical analysis and decision-making. Utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, and ethical relativism are some examples of these frameworks. Studying ethics helps individuals understand these approaches and apply them in different situations.

9. Social Change: Ethics has played a significant role in shaping societal norms and promoting positive change throughout history. By studying ethics, individuals can gain insights into past ethical struggles and achievements, helping them contribute to creating a more just and ethical society.

10. Global Perspective: Ethics is a universal subject that transcends cultural and geographical boundaries. Studying ethics allows individuals to develop a global perspective on moral issues and understand the diversity of ethical values and practices across different cultures.

In summary, studying ethics holds immense significance as it promotes personal growth, enhances moral reasoning skills, guides ethical decision-making, and fosters responsible behavior in various contexts. It also contributes to creating a more ethical and just society, both locally and globally.

During the interview with the patient, it would be important to gather the following information:

1. Personal Information: Collect basic demographic details such as the patient's age, gender, and any relevant background information.

2. Presenting Complaint: Understand the specific psychiatric complaints or symptoms the patient is experiencing, such as depression, anxiety, or hallucinations.

3. Psychiatric History: Inquire about any previous psychiatric diagnoses, treatments, hospitalizations, or medications the patient has received. This information helps provide context and identify any recurring patterns or chronic conditions.

4. Suicidal Ideation and Self-Harm: Assess the presence, frequency, and severity of any suicidal thoughts or self-harming behaviors. Inquire about any previous suicide attempts or current intentions.

5. Social Support: Explore the patient's social support system, including family, friends, or any other sources of support. Assess the quality and availability of support networks as this can impact the patient's overall well-being.

6. Recent Life Events: Inquire about any recent significant life events, such as loss of a loved one, relationship issues, job changes, or other stressors. Understanding recent stressors can help identify potential triggers for the current psychiatric symptoms.

7. Medical History: Gather information about the patient's general medical history, including any physical illnesses, chronic conditions, or medications they are currently taking. Some medical conditions can contribute to or exacerbate psychiatric symptoms.

8. Substance Use: Assess the patient's history of substance use, including alcohol, drugs, or prescription medications. Substance abuse or dependence can significantly impact psychiatric symptoms and treatment.

9. Family History: Inquire about any psychiatric disorders or mental health issues in the patient's immediate family. Genetic and familial factors can play a role in the development of psychiatric conditions.

10. Functional Impairment: Assess the impact of the psychiatric symptoms on the patient's daily functioning, including work, relationships, self-care, and overall quality of life.

By gathering this comprehensive information, healthcare professionals can gain a better understanding of the patient's situation, provide appropriate support, and develop an individualized treatment plan.

Pros and cons are factors or aspects that can be considered as advantages or disadvantages when evaluating a particular situation, decision, or course of action. Here's an overview of the pros and cons:

Pros:
1. Comprehensive analysis: Assessing the pros and cons allows for a more thorough examination of a subject, providing a balanced perspective by considering both positive and negative aspects.
2. Informed decision-making: By weighing the pros and cons, individuals or groups can make more informed decisions based on a more complete understanding of the potential benefits and drawbacks.
3. Consideration of multiple perspectives: Evaluating the pros and cons encourages considering different viewpoints, leading to a more inclusive and well-rounded analysis.
4. Risk assessment: Identifying the potential risks and drawbacks associated with a decision or action enables better risk management and mitigation strategies.
5. Conflict resolution: When conflicting opinions or preferences arise, discussing the pros and cons can help find common ground and facilitate compromise.

Cons:
1. Subjectivity: The interpretation of pros and cons can vary depending on individual perspectives, biases, or personal experiences, making it challenging to achieve complete objectivity.
2. Oversimplification: Reducing complex issues or decisions to a simple list of pros and cons may overlook nuances, interdependencies, or unforeseen consequences.
3. Incomplete information: Limited or incomplete information can hinder the accuracy of assessing the pros and cons, leading to biased or inaccurate conclusions.
4. Emotional influence: Emotional biases may impact the weighing of pros and cons, as personal feelings or attachments can influence the perceived importance or relevance of certain factors.
5. Trade-offs: In some cases, the pros and cons may involve trade-offs, where one advantage comes at the expense of another, making it challenging to reach a definitive conclusion.

It is important to note that the significance and relevance of pros and cons can vary depending on the specific context and individual preferences. Therefore, conducting a thorough analysis and considering multiple factors is crucial for making well-informed decisions.

Pros:
1. Power Dynamic Exploration: The play aims to explore the power dynamic between an administrator and a user on a fight board. This can provide an opportunity to delve into themes of authority, control, and the consequences of misuse of power.

2. Reflecting Online Interactions: By incorporating elements from the setting of a forum administrator/user, such as forum-specific terminology and actions like regulation and deletion, the play can reflect the dynamics and tensions often found in online communities. This can make the story more relatable and relevant to modern audiences.

3. Potential for Character Development: The character of "Mr. Delete" as a minuteman, executive, or pawn has the potential for interesting character development. It can explore their motivations, conflicts, and the ethical implications of their actions within the power dynamic.

4. Dialogue Variation: The inclusion of the administrator's tweets as quotes in the play's dialogue can add a unique and contemporary touch. This can provide a sense of authenticity and create opportunities for humor, social commentary, or character expression.

Cons:
1. Lack of Clarity: The statement is somewhat unclear and fragmented, making it challenging to fully grasp the intentions and specific details of the envisioned play. Further elaboration and organization would be beneficial for a thorough analysis of the pros and cons.

2. Risk of Monotony: The author expresses concern about potential monotony in the play due to its one-sided nature. If not carefully handled, the power dynamic may become predictable or repetitive, potentially affecting the engagement and interest of the audience.

3. Execution Challenges: Translating online interactions and forum dynamics into a play format can be challenging. Balancing realistic portrayals with theatricality and maintaining the audience's understanding can require careful writing and staging.

4. Limited Background Information: The statement lacks crucial background information about the characters, their motivations, and the context of the play. Without these details, it is difficult to fully evaluate the potential strengths and weaknesses of the envisioned story.

Overall, while the exploration of power dynamics, incorporation of online elements, and character possibilities offer potential strengths, the lack of clarity and potential challenges in execution should be addressed to ensure a cohesive and engaging play.

How long have you been doing that?
Do you go to school properly? Do you have friends? Do you use tutoring or private tutoring? How many family members do you have? Do you have brothers? Sisters? Do your grandparents live with you? Have you ever been out of the province? Have you ever been abroad? Do you live in Japan to begin with? Big city? Small town? A rather rural area? A fairly urban area? Do you have any old friends you've had fights with, broken up with or somehow not kept in touch with? Do you like drawing? Do you like Pokemon? Do you go to Pokecen? Go to the movies every year? Do you go shopping? Do you get your mother to buy things for you? Do you take the underground, JR, bus or taxi? Do you get an allowance? How much, less than 10000 yen? What is your favourite subject? Do you have a specific arts or sciences? Do you have a favourite celebrity? Do you like YouTube more? Anything good happen recently? Bad things? Are you a picky eater? Not really? What's your favourite thing to do? Are you good at exercise? Are you an indoor person? Do you help out? Do people ask you to do things? Do you take a long time to choose clothes? Do you decide quickly? Do you cook? Do you prefer to have someone cook for you? Do you have a TV at home? Do you watch TV all the time on your computer or smartphone?
iPhone, Android or other?
Do you eat breakfast? How many meals a day? How many times do you brush your teeth?
Do you prefer cartoons or games? Both?
Do you use a computer? Only a smartphone? Do you wear a case or something on your phone? Do you use it as it is?
Do you catch colds easily? Are you a hardy person? Hate hospitals? Not a fan of dentists? Do you like the distinctive smell of hospitals?
How is your family? Are they sick? What do you call your mother and father? Papa-mama? Dad and mum? Dad and mum? Or something like that? Grandma and grandpa? Father and mother? Call them by their first names? Can you communicate without calling them by their first names? Do you live far away from your parents? Do you have a family home? Do you like movies? How many times a year do you go to the cinema? With friends? With family? Alone? Do you go somewhere after the film? Do you go straight home? Do you want to stop at a café or something? Do you like Thirty-One? It's cold now. Do you want to go? Do you want to go shopping? Do you like being asked questions? Don't like it? Do you like the heat? Do you like the cold? Do you play mobile games? What games consoles do you have: 3DS, Wii U, PS4, PS Vita, all of them? None of them? Do you like insects? Any animals you don't like? Not good at all? Did you answer earlier? Do you have curtains in your room? Do you have your own room? Do you study in the living room? Do you use a study room? Do you study at school after school? Do you hate studying? Do you like it? Do you study alone? Do you study with friends? Do you need someone to teach you? Do you like pudding? Which one do you like? Ohayo? Morinaga? Cream puffs? Do you like cake? You don't like sweet cakes? Do you like bitter? Do you drink coffee? Black? Only café au lait? Do you prefer juice? Do you know the difference between soft drinks and juice? What do you like? Calpis? Coca-Cola? Ayataka? Don't you like tea? Do you drink tea? Have you studied environmental issues? What kind of pencils do you use? I mean, are you a man or a woman? Female? How old are you? What's your height and weight? Do you do any sport now? You look very fit... you want to buy a new iPhone? Have you bought one yet? Do you want to go through with it? Is it cold these days? Is it cold where you live? Do you know what the average annual temperature is? Is it cold? Is it hot? Do you know any foreigners? Do you read a lot? Do you read at all?

How long have you been doing that? Do you go to school properly? Do you have friends? Do you use tutoring or private tutoring? How many family members do you have? Do you have brothers? Sisters? Do your grandparents live with you? Have you ever been out of the province? Have you ever been abroad? Do you live in Japan to begin with? Big city? Small town? A rather rural area? A fairly urban area? Do you have any old friends you've had fights with, broken up with or somehow not kept in touch with? Do you like drawing? Do you like Pokemon? Do you go to Pokecen? Go to the movies every year? Do you go shopping? Do you get your mother to buy things for you? Do you take the underground, JR, bus or taxi? Do you get an allowance? How much, less than 10000 yen?
What is your favourite subject? Do you have a specific arts or sciences? Do you have a favourite celebrity? Do you like YouTube more? Anything good happen recently? Bad things? Are you a picky eater? Not really? What's your favourite thing to do? Are you good at exercise? Are you an indoor person? Do you help out? Do people ask you to do things? Do you take a long time to choose clothes? Do you decide quickly? Do you cook? Do you prefer to have someone cook for you?
Do you have a TV at home? Do you watch TV all the time on your computer or smartphone?
iPhone, Android or other?
Do you eat breakfast? How many meals a day? How many times do you brush your teeth?
Do you prefer cartoons or games? Both?
Do you use a computer? Only a smartphone? Do you wear a case or something on your phone? Do you use it as it is?
Do you catch colds easily? Are you a hardy person? Hate hospitals? Not a fan of dentists? Do you like the distinctive smell of hospitals?
How is your family? Are they sick? What do you call your mother and father? Papa-mama? Dad and mum? Dad and mum? Or something like that? Grandma and grandpa? Father and mother? Call them by their first names? Can you communicate without calling them by their first names? Do you live far away from your parents? Do you have a family home? Do you like movies? How many times a year do you go to the cinema? With friends? With family? Alone? Do you go somewhere after the film? Do you go straight home? Do you want to stop at a café or something? Do you like Thirty-One? It's cold now. Do you want to go? Do you want to go shopping? Do you like being asked questions? Don't like it? Do you like the heat? Do you like the cold? Do you play mobile games? What games consoles do you have: 3DS, Wii U, PS4, PS Vita, all of them? None of them? Do you like insects? Any animals you don't like? Not good at all? Did you just answer that? How long have you been doing that?
Do you go to school? Do you have friends? Do you use tutoring or private tutoring? How many family members do you have? Do you have brothers? Sisters? Do your grandparents live with you? Have you ever been out of the province? Have you ever been abroad? Do you live in Japan to begin with? Big city? Small town? A rather rural area? A fairly urban area? Do you have any old friends you've had fights with, broken up with or somehow not kept in touch with? Do you like drawing? Do you like Pokemon? Do you go to Pokecen? Go to the movies every year? Do you go shopping? Do you get your mother to buy things for you? Do you take the underground, JR, bus or taxi? Do you get an allowance? How much, less than 10000 yen? What is your favourite subject? Do you have a specific arts or sciences? Do you have a favourite celebrity? Do you like YouTube more? Anything good happen recently? Bad things? Are you a picky eater? Not really? What's your favourite thing to do? Are you good at exercise? Are you an indoor person? Do you help out? Do people ask you to do things? Do you take a long time to choose clothes? Do you decide quickly? Do you cook? Do you prefer to have someone cook for you? Do you have a TV at home? Do you watch TV all the time on your computer or phone, iPhone, Android or other? Do you eat breakfast?

How many meals a day? How many times do you brush your teeth?
Do you prefer cartoons or games? Both?
Do you use a computer? Only a smartphone? Do you wear a case or something on your phone? Do you use it as it is?
Do you catch colds easily? Are you a hardy person? Hate hospitals? Not a fan of dentists? Do you like the distinctive smell of hospitals?
How is your family? Are they sick? What do you call your mother and father? Papa-mama? Dad and mum? Dad and mum? Or something like that? Grandma and grandpa? Father and mother? Call them by their first names? Can you communicate without calling them by their first names? Do you live far away from your parents? Do you have a family home? Do you like movies? How many times a year do you go to the cinema? With friends? With family? Alone? Do you go somewhere after the film? Do you go straight home? Do you want to stop at a café or something? Do you like Thirty-One? It's cold now. Do you want to go? Do you want to go shopping? Do you like being asked questions? Don't like it? Do you like the heat? Do you like the cold? Do you play mobile games? What games consoles do you have: 3DS, Wii U, PS4, PS Vita, all of them? None of them? Do you like insects? Any animals you don't like? Not good at all? Did you just answer that? How long have you been doing that?
Do you go to school? Do you have friends? Do you use tutoring or private tutoring? How many family members do you have? Do you have brothers? Sisters? Do your grandparents live with you? Have you ever been out of the province? Have you ever been abroad? Do you live in Japan to begin with? Big city? Small town? A rather rural area? A fairly urban area? Do you have any old friends you've had fights with, broken up with or somehow not kept in touch with? Do you like drawing? Do you like Pokemon? Do you go to Pokecen? Go to the movies every year? Do you go shopping? Do you get your mother to buy things for you? Do you take the underground, JR, bus or taxi? Do you get an allowance? How much, less than 10000 yen? What is your favourite subject? Do you have a specific arts or sciences? Do you have a favourite celebrity? Do you like YouTube more? Anything good happen recently? Bad things? Are you a picky eater? Not really? What's your favourite thing to do? Are you good at exercise? Are you an indoor person? Do you help out? Do people ask you to do things? Do you take a long time to choose clothes? Do you decide quickly? Do you cook? Do you prefer to have someone cook for you? Do you have a TV at home? Do you watch TV all the time on your computer or phone, iPhone, Android or other? Do you eat breakfast? How many meals a day? How many times do you brush your teeth? Do you prefer cartoons or games? Both? Do you use a computer? Only a smartphone? Do you wear a case or something on your phone? Do you use it as it is?
Do you catch colds easily? Are you a hardy person? Hate hospitals? Not a fan of dentists? Do you like the distinctive smell of hospitals?
How is your family? Are they sick? What do you call your mother and father? Papa-mama? Dad and mum? Dad and mum? Or something like that? Grandma and grandpa? Father and mother? Call them by their first names? Can you communicate without calling them by their first names? Do you live far away from your parents? Do you have a family home? Do you like movies? How many times a year do you go to the cinema? With friends? With family? Alone? Do you go somewhere after the film? Do you go straight home? Do you want to stop at a café or something? Do you like Thirty-One? It's cold now. Do you want to go? Do you want to go shopping? Do you like being asked questions? Don't like it? Do you like the heat? Do you like the cold? Do you play mobile games? What games consoles do you have: 3DS, Wii U, PS4, PS Vita, all of them? None of them? Do you like insects? Any animals you don't like? Not good at all? Did you answer earlier?

Kanna: "Hey, what's up, a man banned from the Leaf Heaven? You called me here."
A Man banned from the Leaf Heaven: "It's nothing important, Kanna. I want to talk to you a little.
Kanna: "I see. About what?"
AMbftLH: "Actually, I've been posting on a certain illegal site for a long time now."
Kanna: "What... illegal site?"
AMbftLH: "It's illegal, but it's not illegal."
Kanna: "What?"
AMbftLH: "It means that society doesn't know about it. The site's name is never mentioned in public."
Kanna: "You mean it's not a crime if they don't find out?"
AMbftLH: "Yes, that's right. It's only a matter of time before they find out."
Kanna: "Hmm... so...?"
AMbftLH: "So, you see, the posts I made there, well, they are a catalogue, so to speak."
Kanna: "What catalogue?"
AMbftLH: "It's like a diary. You could say it's more like a soliloquy.
Kanna: "It's a site for writing diaries. Why is it illegal there?"
AMbftLH: "It's a diary, but the content is pretty bad. There are not a few things that make people who see them feel bad.
Kanna: "Heh."
AMbftLH: "Some of the posts are not against the law and are completely illegal. They are not on the level of slander."
Kanna: "That's terrible."
AMbftLH: "But they ostensibly act as a refuge for the major forums, so they don't realise it's a dangerous site."
Kanna: "You shouldn't post on a place like that."
AMbftLH: "Usually, but not me. I'm the chosen one. I was chosen by the administrator named God, or rather, God named administrator. My name is the man regulated in leaf heaven. Yes, the power that governs the world, that rules over numerous star dragons, that sees the end of the universe, that traverses all of space and time."
Kanna: "Hey."
AMbftLH: "Sorry, I'm getting off topic. Well, there's a reason for that. At first I was just helping a friend, but, well, it's a long story."
Kanna: "Oh yeah."
AMbftLH: "...you're cold."
Kanna: "Go on."
AMbftLH: "Yeah."
AMbftLH: "...and the problem is not so much the site itself, but the fact that we can't save the wider community that includes the site."
Kanna: "Hmm, I'm sorry, but I don't think I'm getting into the story."
AMbftLH: "Sorry I'm not very good at explaining. I'm not very good at it. I wonder if it would be easier to explain in graphic form.
Kanna: "Here's your iPad."
AMbftLH: "Thank you. Where do I start...? Let's start from the beginning."